mitochondrion

(noun)

a spherical or ovoid organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, contains genetic material separate from that of the host; it is responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy in the form of ATP

Related Terms

Examples of mitochondrion in the following topics:

  • Mitochondria

    • Each mitochondrion measures 1 to 10 micrometers (or greater) in length and exists in the cell as an organelle that can be ovoid to worm-shaped to intricately branched.
    • Such functions are often associated with the reduced mitochondrion-derived organelles of anaerobic eukaryotes.
    • This electron micrograph shows a mitochondrion as viewed with a transmission electron microscope.

  • Shared Features of Archaea and Eukaryotes

    • The energy released generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through chemiosmosis, in the same basic process that happens in the mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells.

  • Food Energy and ATP

    • ATP is produced by the oxidative reactions in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion of the cell, where carbohydrates, proteins, and fats undergo a series of metabolic reactions collectively called cellular respiration .

  • Citric Acid Cycle

    • Almost all of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle are soluble, with the single exception of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, which is embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
    • This process is made possible by the localization of the enzyme catalyzing this step inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

  • Genome Reduction

    • Genomes fluctuate in size regularly; however, genome size reduction is most significant in bacteria.The most evolutionary significant cases of genome reduction may be the eukaryotic organelles that are derived from bacteria: the mitochondrion and plastid.

  • F10 ATP Synthase

    • They were originally called elementary particles and were thought to contain the entire respiratory apparatus of the mitochondrion, but, through a long series of experiments, Ephraim Racker and his colleagues (who first isolated the F1 particle in 1961) were able to show that this particle is correlated with ATPase activity in uncoupled mitochondria and with the ATPase activity in submitochondrial particles created by exposing mitochondria to ultrasound.

  • Energy Conservation and Autotrophy in Archaea

    • The energy released generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through chemiosmosis in the same basic process that happens in the mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells.

  • Excavata

    • The kinetoplastid subgroup is named after the kinetoplast, a DNA mass carried within the single, oversized mitochondrion possessed by each of these cells.

  • Peripheral Motor Endings

    • Detailed view of a neuromuscular junction: 1) Presynaptic terminal; 2) Sarcolemma; 3) Synaptic vesicle; 4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; 5) Mitochondrion.

  • Respiration and Proton Motive Force

    • During aerobic conditions, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrion to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle.