"mining codes"

(noun)

An ad hoc legal system developed by miners in the absence of courts or officers of the law. Each camp had its own rules and often handed out justice by popular vote, sometimes acting fairly and at times exercising vigilantism—with Indians, Mexicans, and Chinese generally receiving the harshest sentences.

Related Terms

Examples of "mining codes" in the following topics:

  • Gold Fever in the West

    • San Francisco saw hastily erected housing—often docked ships whose crews had headed for the mines.
    • Without courts or law officers in the mining communities to enforce claims and justice, miners developed their own ad hoc legal system, based on the "mining codes" used in other mining communities abroad.
    • In a few years, nearly all of the independent miners were displaced as mines were purchased and run by mining companies, who then hired low-paid miners.
    • Bigger mines, however, caused greater environmental damage.
    • In the mountains, shaft mining predominated, producing large amounts of waste.

  • Meeting In Person (Conferences, Hackfests, Code-a-Thons, Code Sprints, Retreats)

  • Analyzing Data

    • An example of data analysis is when the research team decides to code questionnaire answers so that the results can be neatly organized and patterns can be easily identified.
    • Data mining is a particular data analysis technique that focuses on modeling and knowledge discovery for predictive rather than purely descriptive purposes.
    • During this phase of the research process, data is carefully edited, coded, transcribed, and verified in order for it to be properly analyzed.

  • Codes of Conduct

    • Organizations adopt codes of conduct to guide employees' actions and decisions.
    • There are three types of ethical codes: codes of business ethics, codes of conduct for employees, and codes of professional practice.
    • A code of business ethics often focuses on social issues.
    • A code of practice is adopted to regulate a particular profession.
    • Similarly, behavior in organizational settings may be guided by organizational codes of conduct.

  • The Napoleonic Code

    • Before the Napoleonic Code, France did not have a single set of laws.
    • It was promulgated as the Civil Code of the French (Code civil des Français), but was renamed the Napoleonic Code (Code Napoléon) from 1807 to 1815, and once again after the Second French Empire (1852-71).
    • Although the Napoleonic Code was not the first civil code and did not represent the whole of Napoleon's empire, it was one of the most influential.
    • First page of the 1804 original edition of the Napoleonic Code.
    • The Napoleonic Code was not the first legal code to be established in a European country with a civil legal system.

  • Herbert Hoover: The Great Engineer

    • Originally, Hoover was a professional mining engineer and author.
    • In 1897, he went to Australia as an employee of Bewick, Moreing & Co., a London-based mining company.
    • After being appointed as mine manager at the age of 23, he led a major program of expansion for the Sons of Gwalia gold mine at Gwalia, Western Australia.
    • Hoover worked at gold mines in Big Bell, Cue, Leonora, Menzies and Coolgardie, Western Australia.
    • Hoover worked as chief engineer for the Chinese Bureau of Mines and as general manager for the Chinese Engineering and Mining Corporation.

  • A New Direction for Unions

    • Title I of NIRA outlined guidelines for the creation of the so-called "codes of fair competition" (rules according to which industries were supposed to operate), endowed trade unions with certain rates, and allowed standards of work (e.g., pay rate, hours) to be monitored and enforced.
    • Unlike NIRA, which tied the same rights to industrial codes, NLRA guaranteed labor rights through the federal government.
    • Lewis, the president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMW).
    • In 1943, Lewis, still the president of the United Mine Workers, led one of the biggest war-time strikes.
    • Lewis, President of the United Mine Workers of America and founder of the CIO, photographed at the Capitol in 1922.

  • The Cripple Creek Miners' Strike of 1894

    • The influx of silver miners into the gold mines caused a lowering of wages.
    • In January 1894, Cripple Creek mine owners J.J.
    • On February 1, 1894, the mine owners began implementing the 10-hour day.
    • Portland, Pikes Peak, Gold Dollar, and a few smaller mines immediately agreed to the eight-hour day and remained open, but larger mines held out.
    • Mine owners still holding out for the 10-hour day soon attempted to reopen their mines.

  • Slave Codes

    • Slave codes in the Northern colonies were less harsh than slave codes in the Southern colonies, but contained many similar provisions.
    • The slave codes of the tobacco colonies (Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, and Virginia) were modeled on the Virginia code established in 1667.
    • South Carolina established its slave code in 1712, with the following provisions:
    • The district’s official printed slave code was issued only a month beforehand.
    • Explain the purpose of slave codes and how they were implemented throughout the United States

  • Mining on the Comstock Lode

    • Mining camps soon thrived in the vicinity, which became bustling centers of wealth.
    • The Comstock Lode is notable not just for the immense fortunes it generated and the large role those fortunes had in the growth of Nevada and San Francisco, but also for the advances in mining technology that it spurred.
    • The mines declined after 1874, and eventually ceased in 1922.
    • Other emigrants followed, camped on the canyon and went to work at mining.
    • The miners who discovered the mines and the investors who bought their claims did not know the size of the strike.