Milankovitch cycle

Examples of Milankovitch cycle in the following topics:

• Causes of Global Climate Change

  • Before the Industrial Era (pre-1780), there were three drivers of climate change that were not related to human activity or atmospheric gases: the Milankovitch cycles, solar intensity, and volcanic eruptions.
  • The Milankovitch cycles describe how slight changes in the earth's orbit affect the earth's climate.
  • The length of the Milankovitch cycles ranges between 19,000 and 100,000 years.

• Life Cycle of Small Business

• The Carbon Cycle

• Acetyl CoA and the Citric Acid Cycle

  • The citric acid cycle, shown in —also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) or the Krebs cycle—is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate—derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins—into carbon dioxide.
  • The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.
  • Components of the TCA cycle were derived from anaerobic bacteria, and the TCA cycle itself may have evolved more than once.
  • Theoretically there are several alternatives to the TCA cycle, however the TCA cycle appears to be the most efficient.
  • If several alternatives independently evolved, they all rapidly converged to the TCA cycle.

• The Business Cycle: Definition and Phases

  • The term business cycle refers to economy-wide fluctuations in production, trade, and general economic activity.
  • The term "business cycle" (or economic cycle or boom-bust cycle) refers to economy-wide fluctuations in production, trade, and general economic activity.
  • Business cycles are identified as having four distinct phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough.
  • Business cycle fluctuations occur around a long-term growth trend and are usually measured by considering the growth rate of real gross domestic product.
  • The phases of a business cycle follow a wave-like pattern over time with regard to GDP, with expansion leading to a peak and then followed by contraction leading to a trough.

• Acetyl CoA to CO2

  • The acetyl carbons of acetyl CoA are released as carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle.
  • Acetyl CoA links glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation with the citric acid cycle.
  • In addition to the citric acid cycle, named for the first intermediate formed, citric acid, or citrate, when acetate joins to the oxaloacetate, the cycle is also known by two other names.
  • Additionally, the cycle is known as the Krebs cycle, named after Hans Krebs, who first identified the steps in the pathway in the 1930s in pigeon flight muscle.
  • Describe the fate of the acetyl CoA carbons in the citric acid cycle

• Bureaucratic Control

  • The quality control cycle improves processes through a continuous cycle of planning, doing, checking, and acting.
  • The quality control life cycle is an ongoing cycle of planning, monitoring, assessing, comparing, correcting, and improving products or processes.
  • It is also known as the Deming circle/cycle/wheel, Shewhart cycle, control circle/cycle, or plan–do–study–act (PDSA).
  • Another version of this PDCA cycle is OPDCA.
  • Use the four central components of the quality control cycle as a quality control (QC) tool

• Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle

  • Cyclins regulate the cell cycle only when they are tightly bound to Cdks.
  • The second group of cell cycle regulatory molecules are negative regulators.
  • Negative regulators halt the cell cycle.
  • Rb halts the cell cycle by binding E2F.
  • The concentrations of cyclin proteins change throughout the cell cycle.

• Product Life-Cycle Curve

  • It is important for marketing managers to understand the limitations of the product life cycle model.
  • A given product may hold a unique product life cycle shape such that use of typical product life cycle models are useful only as a rough guide for marketing management.
  • Facebook is in the mature phase of the product life cycle.
  • The iPod touch is currently in the mature phase of the product life cycle.
  • The diagram shows the sales and profits of a given product during the course of the product life cycle.

• The Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles of Bacteriophages

  • Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, may undergo a lytic or lysogenic cycle.
  • Bacteriophages may have a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle, and a few viruses are capable of carrying out both.
  • An example of a bacteriophage known to follow the lysogenic cycle and the lytic cycle is the phage lambda of E. coli.
  • A temperate bacteriophage has both lytic and lysogenic cycles.
  • In the lytic cycle, the phage replicates and lyses the host cell.