medium

Examples of medium in the following topics:

• Gouache

  • Gouache is a water-soluble painting medium that is very similar to watercolor, differing only in the fact that it is opaque.
  • Gouache is a water-soluble painting medium that is very similar to watercolor .
  • Sometimes referred to as "opaque watercolor," the primary difference between the two mediums is the fact that gouache is opaque and watercolor is semi-translucent.
  • As a painting medium, gouache is prized for its durability and drying speed.
  • Like many painting mediums, gouache can be used on multiple supports, including board, paper and canvas.

• Lasers

  • A laser consists of a gain medium, a mechanism to supply energy to it, and something to provide optical feedback.
  • When a gain medium is placed in an optical cavity, a laser can then produce a coherent beam of photons.
  • The gain medium is where the optical amplification process occurs.
  • The most common type of laser uses feedback from an optical cavity--a pair of highly reflective mirrors on either end of the gain medium.
  • A single photon can bounce back and forth between the mirrors many times, passing through the gain medium and being amplified each time.

• Complex and Synthetic Media

  • An undefined medium has some complex ingredients, such as yeast extract or casein hydrolysate, which consist of a mixture of many, many chemical species in unknown proportions.
  • Undefined media are sometimes chosen based on price and sometimes by necessity - some microorganisms have never been cultured on defined media.A defined medium (also known as chemically defined medium or synthetic medium) is a medium in which all the chemicals used are known, no yeast, animal, or plant tissue is present.
  • A chemically defined medium is a growth medium suitable for the culture of microbes or animal cells (including human) of which all of the chemical components are known.
  • The term chemically defined medium was defined by Jayme and Smith as a 'Basal formulation which may also be protein-free and is comprised solely of biochemically-defined low molecular weight constituents.
  • A chemically defined medium is entirely free of animal-derived components (including microbial derived components such as yeast extract) and represents the purest and most consistent cell culture environment.

• Functions of Money

  • The main functions of money are as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value.
  • To be widely acceptable, a medium of exchange should have stable purchasing power.
  • Gold was popular as a medium of exchange and store of value because it was inert.
  • Moreover, it must be predictably usable as a medium of exchange when it is retrieved.
  • Money, such as the U.S. dollar, functions as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value.

• Refraction

  • Refraction is a surface phenomenon that occurs as the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its medium.
  • Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its medium.
  • Due to change of medium, the phase velocity of the wave is changed but its frequency remains constant (most commonly observed when a wave passes from one medium to another at any angle other than 90° or 0°).
  • Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but any type of wave can refract when it interacts with a medium (e.g., when sound waves pass from one medium into another or when water waves move into water of a different depth).
  • In optics, refraction is a phenomenon that often occurs when waves travel from a medium with a given refractive index to a medium with another at an oblique angle.

• The Doppler Effect

  • The Doppler Effect is the change in a wave's perceived frequency that results from the source's motion, the observer, and the medium.
  • Finally, if the medium through which the waves propagate moves, the Doppler effect will be noticed even for a stationary observer.
  • Quantitatively, the Doppler effect can be characterized by relating the frequency perceived (f) to the velocity of waves in the medium (c), the velocity of the receiver relative to the medium (vr), the velocity of the source relative to the medium (vs), and the actual emitted frequency (f0):

• Osmotic Pressure

  • The correct osmotic pressure in the culture medium is essential for the survival of the cells.
  • Having the correct osmotic pressure in the culture medium is essential.
  • If the medium is hypotonic — a diluted solution with a higher water concentration than the cell — the cell will gain water through osmosis .
  • If the medium is isotonic — a solution with exactly the same water concentration as the cell — there will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane .
  • If the medium is hypertonic — a concentrated solution with a lower water concentration than the cell — the cell will lose water by osmosis .

• Time and Motion

  • Motion, a principle of art, is a tool artists use to organize the artistic elements in a work; it is employed in both static and time-based mediums.
  • Motion is employed in both static and in time-based mediums and can show a direct action or the intended path for the viewer's eye to follow through a piece.
  • While static art forms have the ability to imply or suggest time and motion, the time-based mediums of film, video, kinetic sculpture, and performance art demonstrate time and motion by their very definitions.
  • All of these mediums use time and motion as a key aspect of their forms of expression.
  • Name some techniques and mediums used by artists to convey motion in both static and time-based art forms

• Culture Media

  • Culture medium or growth medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms.
  • Viruses, for example, are obligate intracellular parasites and require a growth medium containing living cells.
  • The most common growth media nutrient broths (liquid nutrient medium) or LB medium (Lysogeny Broth) are liquid.
  • These agar plates provide a solid medium on which microbes may be cultured .
  • A defined medium will have known quantities of all ingredients.

• Holography

  • Apparatus: A hologram can be made by shining part of the light beam directly onto the recording medium, and the other part onto the object in such a way that some of the scattered light falls onto the recording medium.
  • Some of the light scattered (reflected) from the scene then falls onto the recording medium.
  • Several different materials can be used as the recording medium.
  • Process: When the two laser beams reach the recording medium, their light waves intersect and interfere with each other.
  • It is this interference pattern that is imprinted on the recording medium .