Examples of Lyme disease in the following topics:
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- In 1984, blood tests for Lyme disease became widely available; in 1987, it became a reportable disease, which required physicians to notify the State when a patient tested positive for Lyme disease.
- Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere.
- Not all patients with Lyme disease will have all symptoms, and many of the symptoms are not specific to Lyme disease, but can occur with other diseases as well.
- Antibiotics are the primary treatment for Lyme disease.
- Nymphal and adult deer ticks can be carriers of Lyme disease.
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- Lyme disease (aka Lyme borreliosis) is caused by bacteria from the Borrelia genus, and is the most common tick-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere.
- The disease is named after the towns of Lyme and Old Lyme, Connecticut, where a number of cases were identified in 1975.
- Lyme disease can affect multiple body systems and produce a range of symptoms, though not all patients with Lyme disease will have all symptoms, and many of the symptoms are not specific to Lyme disease.
- Erythematous rash in the pattern of a "bull's-eye" from Lyme disease.
- Nymphal and adult deer ticks can be carriers of Lyme disease.
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- For example, Lyme disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), and Lassa fever all emerged when humans began encountering the insect vector (for Lyme disease) or rodent host (for HPS and Lassa fever) of the causative agents in greater numbers than ever before.
- Factors related to the emergence of infectious diseases such as Legionnaire disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome include changing technologies: air conditioning systems and mass food production, respectively.
- Several human activities have led to the emergence and spread of new diseases:
- These conditions foster transmission of contagious diseases.
- Modern transport contributes in spreading diseases faster.
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- An exception to the bacterial exclusion are the diseases caused by spirochetes, such as Borrelia, which causes Lyme disease, and Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis.
- Diseases
caused by spirochetes are exceptions to this bacterial exclusion.
- These include Borrelia (the cause of Lyme disease), and
Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis.
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- Defining the means of transmission of a pathogen is important in understanding its biology and in addressing the disease it causes.
- Gastrointestinal diseases are often acquired by ingesting contaminated food and water.
- Sexually transmitted diseases are acquired through contact with bodily fluids, generally as a result of sexual activity.
- Transmission of infectious diseases may also involve a vector.
- Biological vectors are often responsible for serious blood-borne diseases, such as malaria, viral encephalitis, Chagas disease, Lyme disease, and African sleeping sickness.
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- Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with Babesia, a parasite transmitted to human hosts by ticks.
- Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by Babesia.
- If the disease progresses without treatment and it is severe, the infected individual can suffer from organ failure and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
- Ticks transmit the human form of Babesiosis, so it often presents with other tick-borne illnesses such as Lyme disease.
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- An emerging infectious disease is a disease with a rate of incidence that has increased in the past 20 years, and could increase in the near future.
- An emerging infectious disease (EID) is an infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years, and could increase in the near future.
- EIDs are caused by newly identified species or strains (e.g., SARS, AIDS) that may have evolved from a known infection (e.g., influenza), or spread to a new population (e.g., West Nile virus), or to an area undergoing ecologic transformation (e.g., Lyme disease).
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease in humans which is caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) .
- Prior to the mid 1990s, WNV disease occurred only sporadically and was considered a minor risk for humans.
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- It comprises both Raynaud's disease and Raynaud's syndrome; the former (also known as primary Raynaud's phenomenon) being when the phenomenon is idiopathic, and the latter (also known as secondary Raynaud's), which is caused by some other instigating factor, most commonly a connective tissue disorder such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Raynaud's disease, or primary Raynaud's, is diagnosed if the symptoms are idiopathic, that is, if they occur by themselves and not in association with other diseases.
- Connective tissue disorders which may cause secondary Raynaud's include scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, cold agglutinin disease, and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.
- Other causes of secondary Raynaud's include physical trauma, Lyme disease, hypothyroidism, carpal tunnel syndrome, magnesium deficiency, and multiple sclerosis.
- In disorders where Raynaud's syndrome is secondary to a disease, Raynaud's phenomenon can herald these diseases by periods of more than twenty years in some cases, making it effectively their first presenting symptom.
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- Patients affected by these diseases complain of muscle weakness that usually worsens over several months, though in some cases the onset of symptoms is sudden.
- Dermatomyositis (DM) is a connective-tissue disease related to polymyositis (PM) that is characterized by inflammation of the muscles and the skin.
- In the latter case, it is a systemic autoimmune disease.
- Polymyositis is also associated with interstitial lung diseases.
- In rare cases, the cause is known to be infectious, associated with the pathogens that cause Lyme disease, toxoplasmosis, and other infectious agents.