Lord Frederick North

Examples of Lord Frederick North in the following topics:

• The Aftermath of Saratoga

  • The Patriot victory at Saratoga, a major turning point in the war, effectively ended the British military presence in the North.
  • The victory at Saratoga also effectively eliminated the British presence in the North.
  • The British government of Lord Frederick North came under sharp criticism when the news of Burgoyne's surrender reached London.
  • This defeat prompted Lord North to issue a proposal for peace terms in Parliament.
  • Following the Patriot victory at Saratoga, Lord North's government was heavily criticized for their management of the war effort.

• Britain's War

  • Lord George Germain served as Secretary of State for America during the Revolutionary War.
  • He was the primary architect of British strategy in the Revolutionary War, working closely with British Prime Minister Lord Frederick North.
  • Germain and North also underestimated the strength of the colonists.
  • These allies supplied roughly 30,000 soldiers, or approximately one-third of British forces in North America.
  • As the British army suffered strategic defeats in battles such as Saratoga and Yorktown, the Whigs’s gained prominence within Parliament and Lord North’s ministry began to collapse.

• Conclusion: The Fight for Independence

  • Lord George Germain, Secretary of State for the American Department, bore responsibility for strategy and coordination of British operations during the war and underestimated the difficulties posted by the North American terrain.
  • The Patriot victory at the Battle of Saratoga, a major turning point in the war, effectively ended the British military presence in the North.
  • Britain also attempted to negotiate for peace in June 1778 when Lord Frederick North, Britain’s Prime Minister, dispatched the Carlisle Peace Commission to North America.

• The Calm Before the Storm

  • However, they did not repeal the duty on tea, which Prime Minister Lord North kept in order to assert Britain's right of taxing the colonies.
  • The East India Company initially sought to have the Townshend duty repealed, but the North ministry was unwilling because such an action might be interpreted as a retreat from Parliament's position that it had the right to tax the colonies.
  • The North ministry's solution was the Tea Act, which received the assent of King George in May of 1773.
  • However North did not want to give up the revenue from the Townshend tax, primarily because it was used to pay the salaries of colonial officials; maintaining the right of taxing the Americans was a secondary concern.
  • Lord North, seen here in Portrait of Frederick North, Lord North (1773–1774), painted by Nathaniel Dance, was prime minister at the time of the passage of the Tea Act.

• The Peace of Paris

  • France ceded almost all of its territory in mainland North America, but retained fishing rights off Newfoundland as well as Saint Pierre and Miquelon, two small islands where it could dry the fish.
  • When Lord Bute became Britain's Prime Minister, in 1762, he pushed for a resolution to the war with France and Spain, fearing that Great Britain could not govern all of its newly acquired territories.
  • The Treaty of Paris took no consideration of Great Britain's battered continental ally, Frederick II of Prussia.
  • Frederick would have to negotiate peace terms separately, in the Treaty of Hubertusburg.
  • For decades following the Seven Years War, Frederick II would consider the Treaty of Paris as a British betrayal.

• The Founding of Carolina

  • The Province of Carolina, originally chartered in 1629, was an English and later British colony of North America.
  • They named their colony Carolina, and they themselves were called the Lords Proprietors.
  • The Province of Carolina was controlled from 1663 to 1729 by these lords and their heirs.
  • The most active in the colonies was Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, the 1st Earl of Shaftsbury.
  • After nearly a decade in which the British government sought to locate and buy out the proprietors, both North and South Carolina became royal colonies in 1729.

• The Carolinas

  • Another region, near present-day Charleston, South Carolina, was settled under the Lords Proprietors in 1670.
  • The north continued to have its own assembly and council; the governor resided in Charleston and appointed a deputy-governor for the north.
  • This circumstance, coupled with hostilities with American Indian tribes and the inability of the Lords Proprietors to act decisively, led to separate governments for North and South Carolina.
  • After nearly a decade in which the British government sought to locate and buy out the proprietors, both North and South Carolina became royal colonies in 1729 when seven of the Lords Proprietors sold their interests in Carolina to the Crown.
  • Summarize the early colonization and government of North and South Carolina

• The First Emancipation

  • Lord Dunmore's Proclamation was the first mass emancipation of enslaved people in United States history.
  • In November 1775 Lord Dunmore, Royal Governor of Virginia, issued a controversial proclamation, later known as Lord Dunmore's Proclamation.
  • The governor formed them into the Ethiopian Regiment, also known as Lord Dunmore's Ethiopian Regiment.
  • Lord Dunmore's Ethiopian Regiment was probably the first black regiment in the service of the Crown during the revolution.
  • Tye and his comrades believed that they were fighting not just for their own individual freedom but for the freedom of enslaved blacks in North America.

• A World War

  • For the Seven Years War, the British chose the greatest military strategist of the day, Frederick the Great (Frederick II) and his kingdom of Prussia as their principal partner.
  • Having received reports of the clashes in North America and having secured the support of Great Britain with an Anglo-Prussian alliance, Frederick II crossed the border of Saxony, one of the small German states in league with Austria.
  • By 1763 Frederick had Silesia under his control and had occupied parts of Austria.
  • A battle during the Seven Years War between British and Indians in North America
  • Discuss the impact of the Seven Years War on the North American continent

• Charles I and the Power to Tax

  • Along with the throne, Charles inherited the Thirty Years' War, in which Christian IV of Denmark and Frederick V, Elector Palatine, who was married to Charles's sister Elizabeth, were attempting to take back their hereditary lands and titles from the Habsburg Monarchy.
  • James had caused significant financial problems with his attempts to support Christian and Frederick, and it was expected that Charles would be more amenable to prosecuting the war responsibly.
  • Because of this, the House of Lords rejected the bill, leaving Charles without any money to provide for the war effort.
  • The Resolutions were unanimously accepted by the Commons in April but they met a mixed reception at the House of Lords and Charles refused to accept them.
  • Following the acceptance of the Petition by the House of Lords, Charles sent a message to the Commons "forbidding them to meddle with affairs of state," which produced a furious debate.