linkage institutions

Examples of linkage institutions in the following topics:

• State and Local Party Organization

  • Linkage institutions provide a way for people to get involved in government and the political process.
  • They are not the only linkage institutions; others include blogs, non-partisan local governments, and school boards.

• Economic objectives

  • Economic objectives are complex linkages.
  • This view requires a social mechanism or institution to coordinate or constrain the behavior of individuals.
  • The constraints may be social institutions such as moral rules, mores, customs, laws, or the market.
  • If prices are distorted by lack of information or imperfections in the social institutions, the rankings based on relative prices may be misleading.

• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

  • Supporting evidence for an X-linkage is found by examining other causes of infant respiratory death, such as suffocation by inhalation of food or other foreign objects.
  • The incidence of SIDS has steadily declined after the recommendation of putting infants to sleep in their backs was instituted as shown in Figure 1.

• Network regression

  • We can now perform a standard multiple regression analysis by regressing each element in the information network on its corresponding elements in the monetary network and the government institution network.
  • The intercept indicates that, if two organizations are not of the same institutional type, and one does not send money to the other, the probability that one sends information to the other is .61.
  • If the two organizations are of the same institutional type, the probability of information sending is reduced by .124.
  • The results are interesting - they suggest that monetary and informational linkages are, if anything, alternative rather than re-enforcing ties, and that institutionally similar organizations are less likely to communicate.

• Thinking Globally

  • Thus, we find similar institutions in far-flung places.
  • Sociologists who are interested in global social norms focus their attention on global institutions, such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the International Monetary Fund, or various other international organizations, such as human rights groups.
  • Meyer coined the term "world society" (or "world polity") to describe scripts, models, and norms for behavior that originate from global institutions and that transcend the nation state.
  • If we examine any social situation closely, the global patterns and linkages behind it will undoubtedly emerge.

• Genetic Linkage and Violation of the Law of Independent Assortment

  • The segregation of alleles into gametes can be influenced by linkage, in which genes that are located physically close to each other on the same chromosome are more likely to be inherited as a pair.
  • To understand this, let's consider the biological basis of gene linkage and recombination.
  • Mendel's seminal publication makes no mention of linkage, and many researchers have questioned whether he encountered linkage, but chose not to publish those crosses out of concern that they would invalidate his independent assortment postulate.
  • However, even if the genes he examined were not located on separate chromosomes, it is possible that he simply did not observe linkage because of the extensive shuffling effects of recombination.

• The "New World Order"

  • This cooperation might then tackle problems such as reducing armaments and troop deployments, settling regional disputes, stimulating economic growth, lessening East-West trade restrictions, the inclusion of the Soviets in international economic institutions, and protecting the environment.
  • Initial agreement by the Soviets to allow action against Saddam highlighted this linkage in the press.

• Demand Planning

  • Transaction-based forecasting focuses on tracking internal change instituted by the organization's managers.

• Distribution Centers vs. Direct Store Delivery

  • Wholesaling includes all activities required to market goods and services to businesses, institutions, or industrial users who are motivated to buy for resale or to produce and market other products and services.
  • By providing this linkage, wholesalers assist both the producer and the buyer.

• Lambda sets and bridges

  • This approach identifies the #2 to #5 (MAYR to COMM) linkage as the most important one in the graph - in the sense that it carries a great deal of traffic, and the graph would be most disrupted if it were removed.
  • This result can be confirmed by looking at the graph, where we see that most actors are connected to most other actors by way of the linkage between #2 and #5.
  • Considerably less critical are linkages between 2 and 5 and actors 1, 3, 4, 7, and 10.