levator ani

Examples of levator ani in the following topics:

• Levator Ani Injury and Urinary Stress Incontinence

  • Levator ani syndrome, episodic rectal pain, is caused by spasm of the levator ani muscle; urinary incontinence is involuntary urine leakage.
  • The levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis .
  • Levator ani syndrome is episodic rectal pain caused by spasm of the levator ani muscle.
  • Electrical stimulation of the levator ani muscle has been used to try to break the spastic cycle.
  • Describe a treatment method that may alleviate both levator ani syndrome and urinary stress incontience

• Oculomotor (III) Nerve

  • It enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure and controls most of the eye's movements, including constriction of the pupil and maintaining an open eyelid by innervating the levator palpebrae superiors muscle.
  • The muscles it controls are the striated muscle in the levator palpebrae superioris and all extraocular muscles, except for the superior oblique muscle and the lateral rectus muscle.
  • Sympathetic postganglionic fibers also join the nerve from the plexus on the internal carotid artery in the wall of the cavernous sinus and are distributed through the nerve, for example, to the smooth muscle of levator palpebrae superioris.

• Posterior Muscles

  • Levator Scapulae – A small, strap-like muscle that joins the neck to the scapula.
  • Attachments – Originates from the spine in the upper back and attaches to the scapula inferior to the levator scapulae attachment.
  • Rhomboid Minor – Sits between the levator scapulae and rhomboid major, with which it is paired in action and function, this retracts and rotates the scapula.

• Facial Muscles

  • The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi is the muscle of the upper lip.
  • The levator anguli oris (caninus) inserts at the corners of the mouth at an angle, and is associated with other muscles including the zygomaticus, triangularis, and orbicularis oris.
  • Located opposite to the levator anguli oris, it pulls the corners of the mouth downward, producing a frown.
  • The levator labii superioris is a broad muscle responsible for elevation of the upper lip.

• Muscles of the Shoulder

  • Levator Scapulae – A small, strap-like muscle that joins the neck to the scapula.
  • Attachments – Originates from the spine in the upper back and attaches to the scapula in an inferior position to the levator scapulae attachment.
  • Rhomboid Minor – Sits between the levator scapulae and  rhomboid major, with which it is paired in action and function.

• Scapula

  • To the anterior side the serratis anterior attaches, whilst posteriorly the levator scapulae and rhomboids minor and major attach.

• Vagus (X) Nerve

• Cervical Plexus

  • They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and anteriolateral to the m. scalenus and m. levator scapulae.

• Pharynx

  • The salpingopalatine fold is a smaller fold extending from the superior part of the torus to the palate; it contains the levator veli palatini muscle.

• The 14th Amendment

  • No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
  • But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
  • No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof.
  • But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.