latency

Examples of latency in the following topics:

• Other Diseases and Epstein-Barr Virus

  • In B cells, lytic replication normally only takes place after reactivation from latency.
  • In latency, only a portion of EBV's genes are expressed.
  • Latent EBV expresses its genes in one of three patterns, known as latency programs.
  • EBV can exhibit one of three latency programs: Latency I, Latency II, or Latency III.
  • Each latency program leads to the production of a limited, distinct set of viral proteins and viral RNAs.

• The Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles of Bacteriophages

  • In a process called latency, these viruses can exist in nervous tissue for long periods of time without producing new virions, only to leave latency periodically and cause lesions in the skin where the virus replicates.
  • Even though there are similarities between lysogeny and latency, the term lysogenic cycle is usually reserved to describe bacteriophages.

• Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus

  • These stages of lytic infection, particularly late lytic, are distinct from the latency stage.
  • In the case of HSV-1, no protein products are detected during latency, whereas they are detected during the lytic cycle.

• Disease Development

  • While the term latency period is used as synonymous, a distinction is sometimes made between incubation period, the period between infection and clinical onset of the disease, and latent period, the time from infection to infectiousness.
  • During clinical latency, an infection is subclinical.
  • With respect to viral infections, in clinical latency the virus is actively replicating.
  • This is in contrast to viral latency, a form of dormancy in which the virus does not replicate.

• Physical Context

  • Signal latency: An increased latency (time lag) larger than about 150–300 ms becomes noticeable and is soon observed as unnatural and distracting.
  • With high bandwidth systems, the latency problem is minimized but you are still well advised to minimize quick moves and rapid gestures while speaking, since some audience members may have slower connections.

• Double-Stranded DNA Viruses: Herpesviruses

  • In some host cells, a small number of viral genes termed latency-associated transcripts accumulate instead.
  • While primary infection is often accompanied by a self-limited period of clinical illness, long-term latency is symptom-free.
  • Following activation, transcription of viral genes transitions from latency-associated transcripts to multiple lytic genes; these lead to enhanced replication and virus production.

• The Vocabulary Epidemiology

  • The latency period is the time between infection and the ability of the disease to spread to another person, which may precede, follow, or be simultaneous with the appearance of symptoms.
  • Some viruses also exhibit a dormant phase, called viral latency, in which the virus hides in the body in an inactive state.
  • Compare and contrast the following concepts: epidemic, endemic, pandemic; incidence vs prevalence; morbidity vs mortality; incubation, latency, acute, decline and convalescent periods

• Disease Severity and Duration

  • The latency period is the time between infection and the ability of the disease to spread to another person, which may precede, follow, or be simultaneous with the appearance of symptoms.
  • Some viruses also exhibit a dormant phase, called viral latency, in which the virus hides in the body in an inactive state.

• Animal Viruses

  • As mentioned, herpes simplex virus can remain in a state of latency in nervous tissue for months, even years.
  • Its double-stranded DNA genome incorporates into the host DNA and reactivates after latency in the form of (b) shingles, often exhibiting a rash.

• Freud's Psychosexual Theory of Development

  • According to Freud, children’s pleasure-seeking urges (governed by the id) are focused on a different area of the body, called an erogenous zone, at each of the five stages of development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
  • Latency (6-12 years of age): During this stage, sexual instincts subside, and children begin to further develop the superego, or conscience.