Labeling theory

(noun)

Labeling theory is closely related to social-construction and symbolic-interaction analysis.

Related Terms

Examples of Labeling theory in the following topics:

  • Labeling Theory

    • Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead the result of the externally-imposed label of "deviant".
    • Labeling theory is closely related to social-construction and symbolic-interaction analysis.
    • Labeling theory had its origins in Suicide, a book by French sociologist Émile Durkheim.
    • The labeling theory suggests that people are given labels based on how others view their tendencies or behaviors.
    • Furthermore, the application of labeling theory to homosexuality has been extremely controversial.

  • Sociological Theories of Deviance

    • The fourth main sociological theory of deviance is labeling theory.
    • Labeling theory refers to the idea that individuals become deviant when a deviant label is applied to them; they adopt the label by exhibiting the behaviors, actions, and attitudes associated with the label.
    • Labeling theory argues that people become deviant as a result of others forcing that identity upon them.
    • Labeling theory allows us to understand how past behaviors of a deviant-labeled individual are reinterpreted in accordance with their label.
    • Labeling theory argues that people, such as punks, become deviant as a result of people forcing that identity upon them and then adopting the identity.

  • The Labeling Approach

    • Labeling theory is closely related to social-construction and symbolic-interaction analysis.
    • Developed by sociologists during the 1960s, labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act.
    • The theory focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms.
    • Labeling theory was first applied to the term "mentally ill" in 1966 when Thomas J.
    • Analyze the pros and cons of labeling theory, especially the implications it has for the "mentally ill" and HIV/AIDS patients

  • Theories of Deviance

    • Labeling Theory refers to the idea that individuals become deviant when two things occur:
    • Deviant labels refer to identities that are known for falling outside of cultural norms, like loner or punk.There are two additional ideas related to the labeling theory approach to understanding deviance.
    • Another important element of labeling theory involves the idea of stigma.
    • Stigma extend the idea of labeling theory by illustrating how individual characteristics can be the basis for attaching labels that can be life-altering.
    • In sum, labeling theory argues that the application of labels (role-sets) to individuals is an important element leading to deviant behavior.

  • Schachter–Singer Theory of Emotion (Two-Factor Theory)

    • Researchers have developed several theories of how human emotions arise and are represented in the brain.
    • Like the James–Lange and Cannon–Bard theories, the Schachter–Singer theory of emotion (also known as the two-factor theory) attempts to explain emotion as it relates to physiological arousal.
    • These cognitive interpretations—how a person labels and understands what they are experiencing—are formed based on the person's past experiences.
    • For example, if you were to see a venomous snake in your backyard, the Schachter–Singer theory argues that the snake would elicit sympathetic nervous system activation (physiological arousal) that would be cognitively labeled as fear (cognition) based on the context.
    • Describe the relationship between the "two factors" of two-factor theory, also known as Schachter–Singer theory

  • Harmonic Functions

    • A theory of harmonic functions is based on three fundamental principles:
    • There are two ways in which we will label chords according to function.
    • The first is to label chords with Roman numerals, thoroughbass figures, and functional labels.
    • Thus, when referring to specific chords, we will use Roman numerals to label the chords and functional labels to interpret their role in context.
    • Triads arranged on the circle of thirds, labeled by harmonic functions.

  • Product Labeling

    • Labels serve to capture the attention of shoppers.
    • A label is a carrier of information about the product.
    • Labels can include:
    • For example, a law label is a legally required tag or label on new items describing the fabric and filling regulating the United States mattress, upholstery, and stuffed article industry.
    • The recycling logo, , needed to be displayed on the label.

  • Naming Octaves

    • Because of this, many discussions of music theory don't bother naming octaves.
    • Others prefer scientific pitch notation, which simply labels the octaves with numbers, starting with C1 for the lowest C on a full-sized keyboard.
    • The octave below contra can be labelled CCC or Co; higher octaves can be labelled with higher numbers or more lines.

  • Appraisal Theory of Emotion

    • According to appraisal theory, our interpretation of a situation causes an emotional response that is based on that interpretation.
    • Researchers have developed several theories of how human emotions arise and are represented in the brain.
    • She developed her “cognitive theory” in the 1960s, which specified that the first step in experiencing an emotion is an appraisal of the situation.
    • In contrast to the Schachter–Singer theory of emotions, which views emotion as an outcome of the interaction between physiological arousal and cognition, Lazarus argued that the appraisal precedes cognitive labeling, simultaneously stimulating both the physiological arousal and the emotional experience itself.
    • This figure illustrates how Lazarus' appraisal theory differentiates from the James–Lange, Cannon–Bard, and Schachter–Singer theories of emotion.

  • Deviance and Social Stigma

    • Stigma plays a primary role in sociological theory.
    • Erving Goffman, an American sociologist, is responsible for bringing the term and theory of stigma into the main social theoretical fold.
    • In his work, Goffman presented the fundamentals of stigma as a social theory, including his interpretation of "stigma" as a means of spoiling identity.
    • While Goffman is responsible for the seminal texts in stigma theory, stigmatization is still a popular theme in contemporary sociological research.
    • In Conceptualizing Stigma (2001), sociologists Jo Phelan and Bruce Link interpret stigma as the convergence of four different factors: (1) differentiation and labeling of various segments of society; (2) linking the labeling of different social demographics to prejudices about these individuals; (3) the development of an us-versus-them ethic; and (4) disadvantaging the people who are labeled and placed in the "them" category.