Italian School of Criminology

Examples of Italian School of Criminology in the following topics:

• Biological Theories of Deviance

  • A biological interpretation of formal deviance was first advanced by the Italian School of Criminology, a school of thought originating from Italy during the mid-nineteenth century.
  • Enrico Ferri and Raffaelo Garofalo continued the Italian School as Lombroso's predecessors.
  • The Italian School was interested in why some individuals engaged in criminal behavior and others did not.
  • Lombroso's work was continued by Erico Ferri's study of penology, the section of criminology that is concerned with the philosophy and practice of various societies in their attempt to repress criminal activities.
  • Italian School biological explanations have not resonated in criminal justice systems in America.

• The Northern Renaissance

  • Each of these regional expressions of the Renaissance evolved with different characteristics and strengths.
  • In some areas, the Northern Renaissance was distinct from the Italian Renaissance in its centralization of political power.
  • Although Renaissance humanism and the large number of surviving classical artworks and monuments in Italy encouraged many Italian painters to explore Greco-Roman themes, Northern Renaissance painters developed other subject matters, such as landscape and genre painting.
  • In France, the School of Fontainebleau, which was originally founded by Italians such as Rosso Fiorentino, succeeded in establishing a durable national style.
  • The influence of Michelangelo and Raphael showed in the use of mythology and nudity in this particular piece.

• Italian Gothic Painting

  • Italian Gothic painting developed a distinctively western character and flourished from the second half of the 13th century onward.
  • He was also one of the first Italian painters to place figures in architectural settings.
  • Duccio is considered the founder of the Sienese Gothic school of painting.
  • His greatest contribution to Italian Gothic art was his intense depiction of a range of emotions, which his contemporaries began to emulate enthusiastically.
  • Explain Cimabue's and Duccio's break from Italo-Byzantine style into the Italian Gothic style of painting

• Italy Under Mussolini

  • Italian Fascism under Benito Mussolini was rooted in Italian nationalism and the desire to restore and expand Italian territories.
  • A law passed on Christmas Eve 1925 changed Mussolini's formal title from "president of the Council of Ministers" to "head of the government" (though he was still called "Prime Minister" by most non-Italian outlets).
  • Mussolini's foremost priority was the subjugation of the minds of the Italian people and the use of propaganda to do so.
  • All teachers in schools and universities had to swear an oath to defend the fascist regime.
  • In a secret speech to the Italian military leadership in January 1925, Mussolini argued that Italy needed to win spazio vitale (vital space), and as such his ultimate goal was to join "the two shores of the Mediterranean and of the Indian Ocean into a single Italian territory."

• German Painting in the Northern Renaissance

  • The German Renaissance is reflective of Italian and German influence in its paintings, and one is not present without the other.
  • One of a small number of Germans with the means to travel internationally, Nuremberg-born Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) helped to bring the artistic styles of the Renaissance north of the Italian Alps after his visits to the Italian peninsula in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.
  • The Danube School is the name of a circle of artists from the southern German-speaking states active during the first third of the sixteenth century in Bavaria and Austria, including Albrecht Altdorfer, Wolf Huber, and Augustin Hirschvogel.
  • One of the earliest Western pure landscapes, from the Danube School in southern Germany.
  • Discuss the work of Dürer, Grünewald, Holbein, Altdorfer and other artists of the Danube school during the Holy Roman Empire in Germany.

• Education and Humanism

  • The Humanists of the Renaissance created schools to teach their ideas and wrote books all about education.
  • The school was in Mantua, which is a small Italian state.
  • The main foundation of the school was liberal studies.
  • Based on the Greek idea of a "sound mind," the school in Mantua offered physical education as well.
  • Humanist schools combined Christianity and the classics to produce a model of education for all of Europe.

• Flemish Painting in the Northern Renaissance

  • The preferred subject matter of the Flemish School was typically religious in nature, but small portraits were common as well.
  • The Flemish School emerged almost concurrently with the Italian Renaissance.
  • However, while the Italian Renaissance was based on the rediscoveries of classical Greek and Roman culture, the Flemish school drew influence from the area's Gothic past.
  • These artists also experimented with oil paint earlier than their Italian Renaissance peers.
  • Robert Campin, considered the first master of the Flemish School, has been identified with the signature "Master of Flemalle," which appears on numerous works of art.

• Teaching AP Classes

  • If you like the idea of teaching college classes for high school students, then teaching Advance Placement (AP) classes might just be for you.
  • As of 2012, the AP exam taken most was AP English Language with 443,835 students, while the one taken least was AP Italian Language and Culture with 1,806 students.
  • Out of the $89, $8 goes directly to the school to pay for the administration of the test, which some schools will reduce to lower the cost to the student.
  • On April 3, 2008, the College Board announced that four AP courses – French Literature, Latin Literature, Computer Science AB, and Italian Language and Culture – would be discontinued after the 2008–2009 school year due to lack of funding.
  • The College Board provides a lot of assistance to high school teachers, including materials and professional development opportunities around the country.

• Renaissance Writers

  • Italian prose of the 13th century was as abundant and varied as its poetry.
  • With the school of Lapo Gianni, Guido Cavalcanti, Cino da Pistoia and Dante Alighieri, lyric poetry became exclusively Tuscan.
  • Written in the vernacular of the Florentine language, it is considered a masterpiece of classical early Italian prose.
  • He was also the author of biographies in Italian of Dante and Petrarch.
  • Dante Alighieri was a major Italian poet of the Late Middle Ages who influenced and set the precedent for Renaissance literature.

• Academic Architecture

  • "Beaux Arts" describes the architectural style of over two centuries of instruction under academic authority: first, of the Académie royale d'architecture (1671–1793), then, following the French Revolution, the Architecture section of the Académie des Beaux-Arts.
  • Beaux-Arts academic training emphasized the mainstream examples of Imperial Roman architecture, Italian Renaissance, and French and Italian Baroque models.
  • Beaux-Arts architecture depended on sculptural decoration along conservative modern lines, employing French and Italian Baroque and Rococo formulas, combined with an impressionistic finish and realism.
  • After centuries of dominating architectural schools and training processes, the Beaux-Arts style began fade in favor of Modernist architecture and the International Style on the eve of World War I.
  • Note the naturalism of the postures and the channeled rustication of the stonework.