intellectual property

Examples of intellectual property in the following topics:

• Digital Media and Intellectual Property Issues

  • The proliferation of digital assets has created questions about how to apply traditional copyright laws to intellectual property on the web.
  • Intellectual property rights encompass copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and trade secrets depending on the jurisdiction.
  • In addition to protecting the financial incentives of intellectual property, the WIPO treaty and several related international agreements are based on the premise that protecting intellectual property rights is essential to maintaining economic growth.
  • Some libertarian critics of intellectual property have argued that allowing property rights in ideas and information creates artificial scarcity and infringes on the right to own tangible property.
  • Examine how digital media and computer network technologies have reshaped intellectual property issues

• The State of Competition

  • Current competition can be examined through market dominance, mergers and acquisitions, public sector regulation, and intellectual property.
  • The question rests on whether it is legal to acquire a monopoly through accumulation of intellectual property rights.
  • In which case, the law must either give preference to intellectual property rights or towards promoting competitiveness.
  • Bundling of intellectual property rights to long term business transactions or agreements to extend the market exclusiveness of intellectual property rights beyond their statutory duration.
  • Competition in regard to intellectual property is a growing concern in today's business environment.

• Investing in Research and Development

  • The government can establish intellectual property laws, directly conduct research, or finance research and development.
  • The government can do so by creating a good structure of intellectual property protection, called, broadly, patent law.
  • They are one of the basic forms of intellectual property.
  • Patents and, more broadly, intellectual property rights, are important because they encourage investment in research.
  • Without intellectual property protection, researchers would be worried that, once they make a breakthrough, competitors would simply sell their product.

• Issues In Property Rights

  • As Hayek has pointed out, property rights cannot be static; the property rights that apply to chattel property of individuals may not apply equally well to intellectual property.
  • A version of this view has been extended to intellectual property rights.
  • Lawrence Lessig argues that property rights must be balanced between provision of incentives and to allow others to use intellectual property to extend knowledge.
  • What form should intellectual property rights take if creativity is to be promoted?
  • As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we are now making about intellectual property.

• Valuing the Target and Setting the Price

  • Areas of concern other than the ones listed above include intellectual property, real and personal property, insurance and liability coverage, debt instrument review, employee benefits and labor matters, immigration, and international transactions.
  • Intellectual property is an asset of a business that must be included in the overall business evaluation.
  • This photo is of the headquarters of the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva, Switzerland.

• Chapter Questions

  • How could a firm protect its business in a foreign country by using facility location, intellectual property rights, and leverage?

• Private Property Rights

  • Property rights can also be enforced by implicit social institutions.
  • Respect for others and social sanctions are important determinants of property rights.
  • The property rights to "material things" are more obvious and clear cut than intellectual property rights.
  • hen private property rights are exclusive, all the costs and benefits of an alternative are exclusive to the person(s) engaged in the exercise of the property right.
  • These goods are called "common property resources."

• The Concept of Civic Duty

  • After the Glorious Revolution, British and Anglo-American intellectuals contended that (white) men had inalienable rights to liberty and property.
  • In the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution, many British intellectuals reevaluated the identity of Britain as a nation and empire.
  • The highly intellectual Enlightenment was dominated by philosophers who opposed the absolute rule of the monarchs of their day and instead emphasized the equality of all individuals and the idea that governments derived their existence from the consent of the governed.
  • For instance, even though most British males did not meet the property ownership requirements for suffrage, the representative traits of Parliament were praised by many intellectual contemporaries who believed that such a political system best embodied the "social contract" that men used to create civilization and political authority.
  • The widespread availability of property in the 13 colonies provided most white males with the opportunity to own some amount of property; therefore, while fewer than 1% of British men could vote, a majority of white American men were eligible to vote and run for office.

• Defining Thoughts

  • Thinking is intellectual exertion aimed at finding an answer to a question or a solution to a practical problem.
  • This intellectual exertion is aimed at finding the answer to a question or the solution to a problem; it can be as simple as where to get food, or as difficult as solving an equation in quantum mechanics.
  • Internal representations are gradually organized into logical structures, which first operate on the concrete properties of the environment, in the stage of concrete operations.
  • Then, in the stage of formal operations, these logical structures operate on abstract principles that organize concrete properties.
  • Thinking is intellectual exertion aimed at finding an answer to a question, or a solution to a practical problem.

• Intellectual Disabilities

  • Intellectual disabilities are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.
  • An intellectual disability is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.
  • Intellectual disability can be either syndromic (in which intellectual deficits are present along with other medical and behavioral signs and symptoms), or non-syndromic (in which intellectual deficits appear without other abnormalities).
  • Among children, 30% to 50% of intellectual disabilities are of unknown cause.
  • Currently, there is no "cure" for an intellectual disability.