impulse

Examples of impulse in the following topics:

• Signal Summation

  • Each neuron connects with numerous other neurons, often receiving multiple impulses from them.
  • However, if the neuron receives as many inhibitory as excitatory impulses, the inhibition cancels out the excitation and the nerve impulse will stop there.
  • Spatial summation means that the effects of impulses received at different places on the neuron add up so that the neuron may fire when such impulses are received simultaneously, even if each impulse on its own would not be sufficient to cause firing.
  • Temporal summation means that the effects of impulses received at the same place can add up if the impulses are received in close temporal succession.
  • Thus, the neuron may fire when multiple impulses are received, even if each impulse on its own would not be sufficient to cause firing.

• Impulse

  • Impulse, or change in momentum, equals the average net external force multiplied by the time this force acts.
  • The quantity of impulse is force × time interval, or in shorthand notation:
  • Therefore, impulse as defined in the previous paragraph is simply equivalent to p.
  • Thus, the impulses and their effects are the same for both the actual and effective forces.
  • A brief overview of momentum and impulse for high school physics students.

• Electric Potential in Human

  • In humans, they are seen in cell membranes and nerve impulses in particular.
  • When the brain decides on an action, it sends an impulse that cascades to the extremity where a muscle contracts.
  • Neurons receive an impulse at the dendrites.
  • Neurons receive an impulse at the dendrites.
  • This impulse is passed through the axon, a long extension of the cell, in the form of an electrical potential created by differing concentrations of sodium and potassium ions on either side of a membrane in the axon.

• Types of Buying Decisions

  • Different types of buying decisions can involve logical, impulsive, and emotional motivations.
  • Different types of buying decisions can include logical, impulsive, and emotional motivations.
  • Consumers will often buy on emotion or impulse whereas businesses will buy based on need.
  • For consumers, large ticket items, or such as an appliance, a car, or a home, aren't impulse items.

• The Ear

  • The ear is the sensory organ that picks up sound waves from the air and turns them into nerve impulses that can be sent to the brain.
  • The ear is the sensory organ that picks up sound waves from the surrounding air and turns them into nerve impulses, which are then sent to the brain.
  • In this way sound waves are transformed into nerve impulses.
  • The nerve impulses travel from the left and right ears through the eighth cranial nerve to both sides of the brain stem and up to the part of the cerebral cortex dedicated to sound (auditory cortex, located in the temporal lobe).
  • Describe how sound waves are collected and transformed into nerve impulses

• Linear Systems

  • The result of impulsively exciting a system, such as striking a bell with a hammer, is called the impulse response.
  • The way to represent an impulsive function mathematically is with a Dirac delta.
  • You can probably think of lots of examples of impulse response measurements.
  • So $g$ is the response of our system to an impulsive force: this is why it is known as the impulse response.
  • Now suppose we convolve the force $f$ with the impulse response.

• Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

  • Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders are characterized by disturbances in behavioral and emotional self-regulation.
  • In 2013, the 5th revision to the DSM (DSM-5) added a chapter on disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders.
  • In addition to those listed above, the DSM-5 lists several other impulse-control disorders under this chapter.
  • Pyromania is characterized by impulsive and repetitive urges to deliberately start fires.
  • Kleptomania is characterized by an impulsive urge to steal purely for the sake of gratification.

• Electrical Events

  • The SA and AV nodes initiate the electrical impulses that cause contraction within the atria and ventricles of the heart.
  • The SA node nerve impulses travel through the atria and cause muscle cell depolarization and contraction of the atria directly.
  • The SA node impulses also travel to the AV node, which stimulates ventricular contraction.
  • The AV node slows the neural impulse from the SA node by a slight amount, which causes a delay between depolarization of the atria and the ventricles.
  • The normal firing rate in the AV node is lower compared to the SA node because it slows the rate of neural impulses.

• Stages of the Action Potential

  • Neural impulses occur when a stimulus depolarizes a cell membrane, prompting an action potential which sends an "all or nothing" signal.
  • Neural impulses from sensory receptors are sent to the brain and spinal cord for processing.
  • After the brain has processed the information, neural impulses are then conducted from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, which is the resulting motor output.
  • In addition, some poisons and drugs interfere with nerve impulses by blocking sodium channels in nerves.
  • Reuptake refers to the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a presynaptic (sending) neuron after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse.

• Structure of a Nerve

  • A nerve provides a structured pathway that supports the electrochemical nerve impulses transmitted along each of the axons.
  • A nerve conveys information in the form of electrochemical impulses (known as nerve impulses or action potentials) carried by the individual neurons that make up the nerve.
  • These impulses are extremely fast, with some myelinated neurons conducting at speeds up to 120 m/s.
  • The impulses travel from one neuron to another by crossing a synapse, and the message is converted from electrical to chemical and then back to electrical.