hydrostatic

Examples of hydrostatic in the following topics:

• Types of Skeletal Systems

  • The hydrostatic skeleton, exoskeleton, and endoskeleton support, protect, and provide movement to the bodies of different types of animals.
  • A hydrostatic skeleton is one formed by a fluid-filled compartment within the body: the coelom.
  • This compartment is under hydrostatic pressure because of the fluid and supports the other organs of the organism.
  • Movement in a hydrostatic skeleton is provided by muscles that surround the coelom.
  • The skeleton of the red-knobbed sea star (Protoreaster linckii) is an example of a hydrostatic skeleton.

• Measurements: Gauge Pressure and the Barometer

  • Barometers are devices used for measuring atmospheric and gauge pressure indirectly through the use of hydrostatic fluids.
  • Early barometers were used to measure atmospheric pressure through the use of hydrostatic fluids.
  • Hydrostatic based barometers most commonly use water or mercury as the static liquid.
  • Such pressure measuring devices are more practical than hydrostatic barometers for measuring system pressures.
  • The concept of determining pressure using the fluid height in a hydrostatic column barometer

• Capillary Dynamics

  • Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure are opposing factors that drive capillary dynamics.
  • Hydrostatic pressure is the force generated by the pressure of fluid within or outside of capillary on the capillary wall.
  • Movement from the bloodstream into the interstitium is favoured by blood hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid oncotic pressure.
  • Due to the pressure of the blood in the capillaries blood hydrostatic pressure is greater than interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure promoting a net flow of fluid from the blood vessels into the interstitium.
  • Describe hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure: the factors of capillary dynamics

• Regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate

  • The Starling equation for GFR is GFR=Filtration Constant X (Hydrostatic Glomerulus Pressure-Hydrostatic Bowman's Capsule Pressure)-(Osmotic Glomerulus Pressure+Osmotic Bowman's Capsule Pressure).
  • Changes in either the hydrostatic or osmotic pressure in the glomerulus or bowman's capsule will change GFR.
  • GFR is most sensitive to hydrostatic pressure changes within the glomerulus.
  • The Bowman's capsule space exerts hydrostatic pressure of its own, which pushes against the glomerulus.
  • Increased Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure will decrease GFR, while decreased Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure will increase GFR.

• Hydrostatics

• Movement of Fluid Among Compartments

  • Hydrostatic pressure is generated by the contractions of the heart during systole.
  • At the arterial end of a vessel, the hydrostatic pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure, so the net movement favors water and other solutes being passed into the tissue fluid.

• High Pressure

  • Under very high hydrostatic pressure(HHP) of up to 700 MPa, water inactivates pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella.
  • Under very high hydrostatic pressure of up to 700 MPa (100,000 psi), water inactivates pathogens such as Listeria, E. coli and Salmonella.

• Glomerular Filtration

  • The force of hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus (ie. the force of pressure exerted from the pressure of the blood vessel itself) is the driving force that pushes filtrate out of the capillaries and into the slits in the nephron.
  • Osmotic pressure (ie. the pulling force exerted by albumins) works against the greater force of hydrostatic pressure, and the difference between the two determines the "effective pressure" of the glomerulus which determines the force by which molecules are filtered.

• Bulk Flow: Filtration and Reabsorption

  • When moving from the bloodstream into the interstitium bulk flow is termed filtration, which is favoured by blood hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid oncotic pressure.
  • Alternatively when moving from the interstitium into the bloodstreatm the process is termed re-absorption and is favoured by blood oncotic pressure and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.

• Blood Pressure

  • Fluid will move from areas of high to low hydrostatic pressures.
  • In the arteries, the hydrostatic pressure near the heart is very high.