Growing Old

(noun)

In the 1961 book Growing Old, Cumming and Henry formulated the disengagement theory of aging. It was the first theory of aging that social scientists developed.

Related Terms

Examples of Growing Old in the following topics:

  • Disengagement Theory

    • It was originally formulated by Elaine Cumming and Warren Earl Henry in their 1961 book Growing Old.
    • In Growing Old, Cumming and Henry develop a logical argument for why older adults would naturally disengage from society.
    • To satisfy these demands, age-grading ensures that the young possess sufficient knowledge and skill to assume authority and that the old retire before they lose their skills.
    • Analyze the nine postulates of growing old and the impact at each stage for the elderly in society

  • Composition of the Older Population

    • The elderly proportion of the population is growing around the world, but it is greater in developed countries.
    • The number of individuals living into old age is growing worldwide.
    • Biological markers for old age (such as wrinkles, grey hair, memory loss, etc.) exist, but old age can also be defined by when an individual begins to fill certain social roles, such as becoming a grandparent or retiring.
    • Nevertheless, the fact is that people are living longer and are therefore more prone to encounter issues associated with old age.
    • As soldiers returned from war, families began to grow.

  • Global Aging

    • The people who were born during a population surge in the 1950s–1960s are beginning to reach old age, draining the country's Medicare and social security reserves as they claim their benefits.
    • As more people in a nation's population reach old age, its healthcare and social security system will be strained.
    • Growing life expectancy is not the only factor contributing to global aging.
    • This, combined with higher life expectancies, means that the ratio of old to young people will grow and the population as a whole will age.
    • These two trends, stemming from the growing global economy, cause global aging.

  • The Old Kingdom

    • Egypt's Old Kingdom was a dynamic period in the development of Egyptian art.
    • The Old Kingdom and its royal power reached a zenith under the Fourth Dynasty, which began with Sneferu (2613-2589 BCE).
    • The cult of the sun god Ra, and temples built for him, began to grow in importance during the Fifth Dynasty, which lessened efforts to build pyramids.
    • Famine, conflict and collapse beset the Old Kingdom for decades.
    • Explain the reasons for the rise and fall of the Old Kingdom

  • Cell Types in Bones

    • The osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and osteoprogenitor bone cells are responsible for the growing, shaping, and maintenance of bones.
    • The osteoblast, the bone cell responsible for forming new bone, is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and endosteum.
    • If osteoblasts and osteocytes are incapable of mitosis, then how are they replenished when old ones die?
    • The dynamic nature of bone means that new tissue is constantly formed, while old, injured, or unnecessary bone is dissolved for repair or for calcium release.
    • Osteoclasts continually break down old bone while osteoblasts continually form new bone.

  • Bone Remodeling and Repair

    • Bone is remodeled through the continual replacement of old bone tissue, as well as repaired when fractured.
    • Bone remodeling is the replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.
    • It involves the processes of bone deposition or bone production done by osteoblasts and bone resorption done by osteoclasts, which break down old bone.
    • Bone turnover rates, the rates at which old bone is replaced by new bone, are quite high, with five to seven percent of bone mass being recycled every week.
    • Bone generation: Within days of the fracture, capillaries grow into the hematoma, while phagocytic cells begin to clear away the dead cells.

  • Domestic Discontent with the War

    • Old-Stock Americans and Irish-Americans opposed U.S. entry into World War I, but Wilson made appeals to gain their support.
    • Among these dissenters, some of the loudest protests came from so-called Old-Stock Americans, as well as Americans of Irish descent.
    • The dominant voice in American politics at the time of World War I was that of Old-Stock Americans, who were white and primarily Protestant Christians.
    • Antiwar sentiment was still strong in the U.S., despite growing calls for an end to neutrality.
    • Explain why Irish-Americans were adamantly against aiding the British in the war and how Wilson harnessed the moralism of the "old stock" to support it

  • Exercises

    • The effect of the treatment was larger for 15-year olds than it was for 5- or 10-year olds.
    • The difference between the 15- year olds and the average of the 5- and 10-year olds was significant.

  • The Old Republic

  • Growth of Bone

    • On the diaphyseal side, cartilage is ossified, allowing the diaphysis to grow in length.
    • It is considered a part of the growth plate: the part of the bone that grows during childhood, which, as it grows, ossifies near the diaphysis and the epiphyses.
    • A bone grows in length when osseous tissue is added to the diaphysis.
    • Osteoclasts, cells that work to break down bone, resorb old bone that lines the medullary cavity.
    • (a) Epiphyseal plates are visible in a growing bone.