General John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing

Examples of General John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing in the following topics:

• The War in France

  • The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) were the United States troops, often called “Doughboys”, sent to fight in France alongside the British and French armies against Germany under the command of Major General John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing.
  • After the first offensive action and AEF victory at the Battle of Cantigny on May 28 and another at Belleau Wood beginning June 6, Pershing worked to deploy a full field army.
  • Pershing commanded more than 500,000 men in the largest offensive operation ever undertaken by U.S. forces to date.
  • This success was followed by the Meuse-Argonne offensive from September 26 to November 11, 1918, in which Pershing commanded more than 1 million American and French troops.
  • The French, whose front-line troops at times resisted combat duties to the point of mutiny, requested and received control of several regiments of black American combat troops.

• Conclusion: The State of Slavery before the War

  • Other “positive good” theorists such as John C.
  • Still other theorists, in particular William Joseph Harper, argued that slavery was a positive social good rather than a necessary evil.
  • White actors often performed minstrel shows while wearing "blackface," or exaggerated black makeup.
  • The shows portrayed black men as stupid and lazy and black women as rotund and genial.
  • In general, however, slaves were treated inhumanely, with whippings, execution, and rape being commonplace.

• Scientific Exploration

  • On the theoretical side of astronomy, the English natural philosopher John Michell first proposed the existence of dark stars in 1783.
  • The first strong evidence against phlogiston theory came from Joseph Black, Joseph Priestley and Henry Cavendish, who all identified different gases that composed air.
  • David Hume and other Scottish Enlightenment thinkers developed a 'science of man,' which was expressed historically in works by authors including James Burnett, Adam Ferguson, John Millar, and William Robertson, all of whom merged a scientific study of how humans behaved in prehistoric and ancient cultures with a strong awareness of the determining forces of modernity.
  • There was generally low demand for English publications on the Continent, which was echoed by England's similar lack of desire for French works.
  • Although less widely known to the general public than his fellow English, Scottish, or French philosophers of the era,  Beccaria remains one of the greatest thinkers of the Enlightenment era.

• The Muckrakers

  • Before World War I, the term "muckraker" was used to refer in a general sense to a writer who investigates and publishes truthful reports to perform an auditing or watchdog function.
  • McClure and John Sanborn Phillips started McClure's Magazine in May 1893.
  • Galvin and John Moody), Collier's Weekly (Samuel Hopkins Adams, C.P.
  • Oskison, Upton Sinclair), Cosmopolitan (Josiah Flynt, Alfred Henry Lewis, Jack London, Charles P.
  • Hampton, John L.

• Sit-Ins and Freedom Rides

  • ., Joseph McNeil, David Richmond, and Franklin McCain—sat down at the segregated lunch counter to protest Woolworth's policy of excluding African Americans.
  • The students generally viewed any media coverage as helpful to their cause, especially when it illustrated their commitment to nonviolence.
  • Before Freedom Summer, the national news media had paid little attention to the persecution of black voters in the Deep South and the dangers endured by black civil rights workers.
  • Over the following years, the black voter registration campaign spread across the state.
  • On March 7, 1965, Hosea Williams of the SCLC and John Lewis of SNCC led a march of 600 people to walk from Selma to the state capital in Montgomery.

• Bibliography

  • Boyd, John Paul, John H.
  • Fiskel, Joseph. 1980.
  • Marsden, and Joseph Galaskiewicz. 1977.
  • The Urban Black Community as Network: Toward a Social Network Perspective.
  • Generalized Exchange and Social Dilemmas.

• Technological Advancement

  • The first successful mechanical support of left ventricular function was performed on July 3, 1952 by Forest Dewey Dodrill using a machine, the Dodrill-GMR co-developed with General Motors.
  • The first successful open heart procedure on a human utilizing the heart lung machine was performed by John Gibbon on May 6, 1953 at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia.
  • Gibbon's machine was further developed into a reliable instrument by a surgical team led by John W.
  • On December 23, 1954, Joseph Murray performed the world's first successful renal transplant between the identical Herrick twins at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, an operation that lasted five and a half hours.
  • Fermentation-based processes generated products of ever-growing utility.

• The Roaring Twenties

  • In literature, two popular movements or groups of writers arose: The Lost Generation and the Harlem Renaissance.
  • The Lost Generation were young people who came out of World War I disillusioned and cynical about the world.
  • African-American literary and artistic culture developed rapidly during the 1920s under the banner of "The Harlem Renaissance," named for the historically black Harlem section of New York City.
  • Actors and actresses including Rudolph Valentino, Douglas Fairbanks, John Barrymore, Greta Garbo, and Clara Bow became household names during the Roaring Twenties.
  • Gangsters such as Lucky Luciano, Al Capone, Moe Dalitz, Joseph Ardizzone, and Sam Maceo were involved in bribery, extortion, loan sharking, and money laundering.

• Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies

  • Over-generalization: drawing general conclusions from a single (usually negative) event, such as thinking that making a single bad grade makes you a failure of a student.
  • These were the antecedents of the development of Joseph Wolpe's behavioral therapy in the 1950s.
  • During the 1950s and 1960s, behavioral therapy became widely utilized by researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Africa, who were inspired by the behaviorist learning theories of Ivan Pavlov, John B.
  • The example in this image depicts a common cognitive bias known as black-and-white thinking, in which someone may think in terms of false dichotomies of always/never or right/wrong with no room for grey areas in between.