forced migration

Examples of forced migration in the following topics:

• Migration

  • Migration is the movement by people from one place to another.
  • Specific types of migrants can include colonizers (who forcefully enter into a country or territory), refugees (who are forced to flee their country), and temporary migrants (who travel to a new place temporarily, such as business travelers, tourists, or seasonal farm workers).
  • Yet another kind of migration, forced migration refers to the coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region.
  • It has been a means of social control under authoritarian regimes, taking the form of ethnic cleansing, slave trades, human trafficking, and forced displacement.
  • Discuss the types of migration in society and the various theories that explain migration

• Gene Flow and Mutation

  • A population's genetic variation changes as individuals migrate into or out of a population and when mutations introduce new alleles.
  • An important evolutionary force is gene flow: the flow of alleles in and out of a population due to the migration of individuals or gametes.

• The "Nadir of Race Relations" and the Great Migration

  • In what became known as the Great Migration, more than 1.5 million black people left the South, and, while they faced difficulties, their chances overall were better in the North.
  • In the South, white people worried about the loss of their labor force and so frequently tried to block the black migration.
  • The years during and after World War I saw profound social tensions in the United States, not only because of the effects of the Great Migration and European immigration but also due to demobilization and the competition for jobs with returning veterans.

• Cell Migration in Multicellular Organisms

  • Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
  • Due to a highly viscous environment, cells need to permanently produce forces in order to move.
  • Eukaryotic cell migration typically is far more complex and can consist of combinations of different migration mechanisms.
  • The migration of cultured cells attached to a surface is commonly studied using microscopy.
  • Other eukaryotic cells are observed to migrate similarly.

• Dust Bowl Migrants

  • Millions of acres of farmland were damaged, forcing farmers—already suffering from depressed prices and declining incomes—to abandon their operations.
  • Hundreds of thousands of people were forced to leave their homes.
  • Others attempted to migrate to other regions of the country.
  • The Dust Bowl exodus was the largest migration in American history within a short period of time.
  • With their land barren and homes seized in foreclosure, many farm families were forced to leave.

• Movement and Migration

  • Migration is the long-range seasonal movement of animals.
  • Wildebeests migrate over 1800 miles each year in search of new grasslands .
  • Although migration is thought of as an innate behavior, only some migrating species always migrate (obligate migration).
  • Animals that exhibit facultative migration can choose to migrate or not.
  • Additionally, in some animals, only a portion of the population migrates, whereas the rest does not migrate (incomplete migration).

• Inside and Outside Forces for Organizational Change

  • Inside forces include strategic and human resource changes, while outside forces include macroeconomic and technological change.
  • Migrating from one volume to another can financially challenging, and change strategies such as creating new affordable product lines or more efficient operational paradigms are key to changing for success.
  • There are many inside forces to keep in mind as well, ranging from employee changes to cultural reform to operational challenges.Understanding where this change is coming from is the first step to timely and appropriate change management.

• Three Demographic Variables

  • (Births - Deaths) +/- ((In-Migration) - (Out Migration)) = Population Change.
  • Changes in population size can be predicted based on changes in fertility, mortality, and migration rates.
  • Net migration is the mathematical difference between those migrating into a country and those migrating out of a country.
  • However, when dealing with ethnic groups, "net migration" might have to be subdivided into physical migration and ethnic re-identification (assimilation).
  • This means that population growth in the US is due to inward migration, rather than a high birthrate.

• Population Transfer

  • The migration of large numbers of Hindus and Muslims between India and Pakistan after Partition occurred in 1947 is a significant historical example of a population exchange.
  • Often the affected population is transferred by force to a distant region, perhaps not suited to their way of life, causing them substantial personal and bodily harm and resulting in significant damage and loss of property.
  • Population transfer differs from individually motivated migration in more than just a technical sense, though at times of war the act of fleeing from danger or famine often blurs the differences.
  • The tide started to turn when the Charter of the Nuremberg Trials of German Nazi leaders declared that forced deportation of civilian populations was both a war crime and a crime against humanity.This opinion was progressively adopted and extended through the remainder of the century.
  • There is now little debate about the general legal status of involuntary population transfers, as forced population transfers are now considered violations of international law.

• Impact of Immigration on the Host and Home Country Economies

  • In 2006, the International Organization for Migration estimated the number of foreign migrants worldwide to be more than 200 million.
  • At certain times throughout history, larger migrations have taken place which created huge population surges.
  • Immigration does cause an increase in the labor force.
  • Many individuals do not forget their home country and continue to support family members financially through the income from the country they migrate to.
  • This map shows the migration rates worldwide in 2011.