First Anglo-Dutch War

Examples of First Anglo-Dutch War in the following topics:

• Freedom in New Netherland

  • The surrender of Fort Amsterdam to England in 1664 was formalized in 1667, contributing to the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
  • Within six years the two empires were once again at war, and the Dutch recaptured New Netherland with a fleet of 21 ships, then the largest ever seen in North America.
  • In 1673, the Dutch re-took the area but the next year, finding itself financially bankrupt, the republic relinquished New Netherland under the Second Treaty of Westminster in November, 1674, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
  • This map represents the first usage of the term New Netherland to describe the colony.
  • Analyze the Anglo-Dutch wars and the transfer of New Amsterdam to the British

• Troubled Neighbors

  • The Anglo-Dutch Wars, which took place between 1652 and 1784, were fought for control over trade routes in the colonies.
  • The Anglo–Dutch Wars, also known as the Dutch Trade Wars, were fought in the 17th and 18th centuries for control over the seas and trade routes.
  • The second and third Anglo-Dutch wars confirmed the Dutch Republic's position as the leading maritime state of the 17th century.
  • During the second war, English spoils won in battle included the Dutch colony of New Netherland (present-day New York).
  • After the Third Anglo-Dutch War ended and the two sides made peace, they agreed to return it to the English.

• The Dutch Empire

  • In 1614, Adriaen Block led an expedition to the lower Hudson and compiled the first map to apply the name "New Netherland" to the area between English Virginia and French Canada.
  • After some early trading expeditions, the first Dutch settlement in the Americas was founded at Fort Nassau in 1615, near present-day Albany.
  • The loss of New Netherland led to the Second Anglo–Dutch War (1665–1667).
  • The Dutch government ruled Suriname until 1975.
  • New Amsterdam was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland.

• Enforcing the Navigation Acts

  • The major impetuses for the Navigation Acts were the ruinous deterioration of English trade in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War and the opening of trade between the Spanish Empire and the Dutch Republic.
  • The Navigation Act was first passed in October of 1651 by Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell.
  • After the second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667), which ended disastrously for England, the Dutch were permitted to ship commodities produced in the German hinterland to England as if these were Dutch goods.
  • Even more importantly, England conceded to the principle of "free ship, free good" which provided freedom for Dutch ships from molestation by the British Royal Navy on the high seas, even in wars in which the Dutch Republic was neutral.
  • Oliver Cromwell led Parliament in passing the first Navigation Act  in 1651.

• From New Netherland to New York

  • Over the next few decades, wars with the American Indians erupted, as well as conflicts with the English.
  • During the Anglo-Dutch wars of the 1650s and 1660s, the two powers attempted to gain commercial advantages in the Atlantic World.
  • During the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1664–1667), English forces gained control of the Dutch fur trading colony of New Netherland, and in 1664, Charles II gave this colony (including present-day New Jersey) to his brother James, Duke of York (later James II).
  • In 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674), the Dutch recaptured the colony; however, at the end of the conflict, the English had regained control.
  • After decades of war in the 1600s, the powerful Five Nations of the Iroquois, composed of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca, successfully pursued a policy of neutrality with both the English and, to the north, the French in Canada during the first half of the 1700s.

• Louis XIV's Wars

  • Three major wars, the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years' War, and the War of the Spanish Succession, as well as two lesser conflicts, the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions, enabled France to become the most powerful state in Europe.
  • The Franco-Dutch War (1672–78), called also the Dutch War, was a war that pitted France, Sweden, Münster, Cologne, and England against the Dutch Republic, which was later joined by the Austrian Habsburg lands, Brandenburg-Prussia, and Spain to form a Quadruple Alliance.
  • His first and primary objective was to gain the support of England.
  • The Nine Years' War (1688–97), often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg, once again pitted Louis XIV against a European-wide coalition, the Grand Alliance, led by the Anglo-Dutch King William III, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, King Charles II of Spain, Victor Amadeus II of Savoy, and several princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
  • During Louis's reign, France was the leading European power and it fought three major wars: the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession.

• Empires in Conflict

  • The British and the Dutch vied over the colony of New Netherland, the British and the Spanish fought the War of Jenkins' Ear, and the British and the French fought in a series of wars that concluded in 1763 with the French and Indian War.
  • The Anglo-Dutch Wars (1652-1674) were a series of conflicts fought largely at sea over Britain's power to restrict trade to the colonies.
  • The war was largely subsumed by the War of the Austrian Succession in 1742.
  • King William's War (1689–97), also known as the Nine Years War and the War of the League of Augsburg, was a phase of the larger Anglo-French conflict for colonial domination throughout the world.
  • This painting by Pieter Cornelisz van Soest (c. 1667) depicts a major battle (and Dutch victory) during the Second Anglo–Dutch War.

• William of Orange and the Grand Alliance

  • Yet to William III France's growing strength made war inevitable.
  • As tensions mounted, Britain and the Dutch Republic grew enraged by Louis' actions and decisions. 
  • The Austrians, the Dutch and English allies formally declared war in May 1702.
  • France faced invasion, but the unity of the allies broke first.
  • The Dutch, Austrians, and German states fought on to strengthen their own negotiating position, but defeated by Marshal Villars they were soon compelled to accept Anglo-French mediation.

• The Anglo-Saxons

  • The history of the Anglo-Saxons is the history of a cultural identity.
  • The 9th century saw the rise of Wessex, from the foundations laid by King Egbert in the first quarter of the century to the achievements of King Alfred the Great in its closing decades.
  • He was the first king of the West Saxons to style himself "King of the Anglo-Saxons."
  • The first group of King Alfred's three-fold Anglo-Saxon society are praying men—people who work at prayer.
  • The subject of war and the Anglo-Saxons is a curiously neglected one; however, it is an important element of their society.

• The Mercantalist System

  • The government had to fight smuggling—which became a favorite American technique in the 18th century to circumvent the restrictions against trading with the French, Spanish, or Dutch.
  • The colonies could not import anything manufactured outside of England unless the goods were first taken to England, where taxes were paid.
  • This image illustrates a battle fought at sea during the Anglo-Dutch Wars.
  • Control of trade routes was a primary factor leading up to the war, and England's mercantilist policies were a major factor that shaped this desire to control trade routes.