Expressionism and Surrealism

Examples of Expressionism and Surrealism in the following topics:

• Art Movements of the 1920s

  • In art, the movements known as Expressionism, Dada and Surrealism all played major roles in reconfiguring the focus and perception not only of visual arts, but also literature, drama and design.
  • German Expressionism began before World War I and exerted a strong influence on artists who followed throughout the 1920s.
  • Arising from Dada activities during World War I and centered in Paris, Surrealism was a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s.
  • Surrealism spread around the globe and impacted the visual arts, literature, theater and film, and music.
  • The movement's leader, French anarchist and anti-fascist writer André Breton, emphasized that Surrealism was, above all, a revolutionary movement.

• Sculpture

  • Modernist sculpture movements include Cubism, Geometric abstraction, De Stijl, Suprematism, Constructivism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Futurism, Formalism Abstract expressionism, Pop-Art, Minimalism, Land art, and Installation art.
  • The advent of Surrealism led to objects being described as "sculpture" that would not have been so previously, like "coulage" and other forms of "involuntary sculpture. " In later years, Picasso became a prolific potter, leading a revival in ceramic art with other notables including George E.
  • Ohr, Peter Voulkos, Kenneth Price, and Robert Arneson.
  • Brâncuşi's impact, through his vocabulary of reduction and abstraction, is seen throughout the 1930s and 1940s, exemplified by artists including Gaston Lachaise , Sir Jacob Epstein, Henry Moore , Alberto Giacometti, Joan Miró, Julio González, Pablo Serrano, and Jacques Lipchitz.
  • By the 1940s, abstract sculpture was impacted and expanded by Kinetic art pioneers Alexander Calder, Len Lye, Jean Tinguely, and Frederick Kiesler.

• New York

  • The New York School was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1950s and 1960s in New York.
  • The New York School (which is most often associated with abstract expressionist painting) was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1950s and 1960s in New York City.
  • The poets, painters, composers, dancers, and musicians often drew inspiration from Surrealism and the contemporary avant-garde art movements, in particular: action painting, abstract expressionism, Jazz, improvisational theater, experimental music, and the New York art world's vanguard circle.
  • The artists celebrated not only the appearance of the dealers, collectors and museum people on 9th Street, and the consequent exposure of their work, but they celebrated the creation and the strength of a living community of significant dimensions.
  • Still was one of the leading figures of the New York School of abstract expressionism.

• Experiments in Latin America

  • Beginning with Surrealism and Muralism after World War I, artistic styles evolved toward abstract expressionism, geometric designs, and social commentary through artwork.
  • Surrealism, an artistic movement originating in post-World War I Europe, strongly impacted the art of Latin America, where the the legacy of European rule over indigenous peoples embodied the central Surrealist value of contradiction.
  • The widely-known Mexican painter Frida Kahlo painted self-portraits and depictions of traditional Mexican culture in a style combining Realism, Symbolism and Surrealism.
  • Otra Figuración ("Other Figuration") was an Argentinian artist group and commune formed in 1961 and disbanded in 1966.
  • Discuss how Surrealism, abstraction, and the use of social commentary influenced the art and artists of Latin America.

• The New York School

  • It represented, and is often synonymous with, the art movement of Abstract Expressionism, such as the work of Jackson Pollack and Willem de Kooning.
  • The artists of the New York School drew inspiration from surrealism and other contemporary avant-garde art movements, in particular action painting, abstract expressionism, Jazz, improvisational theatre, experimental music, and the interaction of friends in the New York City art world's vanguard circle.
  • Painters, sculptors, and printmakers created art that was termed Action painting, Fluxus, Color Field painting, Hard-edge painting, Pop art, Minimal Art and Lyrical Abstraction, among other styles and movements associated with abstract expressionism.
  • Poets drew on inspiration from Surrealism and the contemporary avant-garde art movements, in particular the Action painting of their friends in the New York City art world like Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning.
  • The new Bebop and cool jazz musicians in the 1940s and 1950s (such as Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, and Gerry Mulligan) coincided with the New York School and abstract expressionism.

• The Development of Abstract Expressionism

  • Abstract expressionism expanded and developed the definitions and possibilities that artists had available in the creation of new works of art.
  • Although Abstract expressionism spread quickly throughout the United States, the major centers of this style were New York and California.
  • In later years, Color Field painting has proven to be both sensual and deeply expressive, albeit in a different way from gestural abstract expressionism.
  • The 1940s in New York City heralded the triumph of American abstract expressionism, the modernist movement that combined lessons learned from Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Surrealism, Joan Miró, Cubism, Fauvism, and early Modernism via great teachers in America like Hans Hofmann from Germany and John D.
  • His works, such as The Liver is the Cock's Comb, The Betrothal II, and One Year the Milkweed, immediately prefigured abstract expressionism.

• European Postwar Expressionism

  • One of the biggest contributing factors to this shift was the advent of Abstract Expressionism, a decidedly American movement that is often cited as the first American avant-garde.
  • Visionary figures like Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman epitomized Abstract Expressionism in New York, but a similar concern for Expressionism was present in the work of many important European artists in the aftermath of WWII.
  • While both American and European artists were influenced by the postwar rhetoric of anxiety, alienation and disillusionment, the American school was also heavily influenced by Surrealism, and moved increasingly toward reductive abstraction and away from representing biomorphic forms as a means for pursuing the self-expression of the unconscious.
  • Unlike American Expressionism, which was more abstract, many European painters maintained the primacy of the figure in their work.
  • Tachisme is often regarded as the closest European equivalent to American Abstract Expressionism, and can be characterized by spontaneous brushwork, drips and blobs of paint applied directly from a tube, and, occasionally, a scribbling reminiscent of calligraphy.

• Abstract Expressionist Sculpture

  • During the postwar period, many sculptors made work in the prevalent styles of the time: Abstract Expressionism, Minimalism and Pop Art.
  • While Abstract Expressionism is most closely associated with painting, a number of sculptors were integral to the movement as well.
  • Similar to Abstract Expressionist painting, sculptural work from the movement was greatly influenced by surrealism and its emphasis on spontaneous or subconscious creation.
  • Minimalism during the 1960s and 70s was a reaction against the painterly subjectivity of Abstract Expressionism dominant in the previous decades.
  • Evaluate how sculpture from 1945-1970 was influenced by abstract expressionism, minimalism, and pop art.

• Dada and Surrealism

  • Dada and Surrealism were multidisciplinary cultural movements of the European avant-garde that emerged in Zurich and Paris respectively during the time of WWI.
  • The movement influenced later styles like avant-garde, and movements including surrealism, Nouveau réalisme, pop art and Fluxus.
  • By 1924, artists had gone on to other ideas and movements including surrealism and social realism.
  • Surrealism was a cultural movement beginning in the 1920s that sprang directly out of Dadism and overlapped in many senses.
  • Breton proclaimed that the true aim of Surrealism was "long live the social revolution, and it alone!

• Expressive and Symbolic Uses of Color

  • Expressive and symbolic uses of color in art refer to the use of color as a subjective means for personal expression and style.
  • Abstract Expressionism is an American post–World War II movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s.
  • The artist of the movement were committed to an expressive art of profound emotion and universal themes, and most were shaped by the legacy of Surrealism, a movement which they translated into a new style fitted to the post-war mood of anxiety and trauma.
  • The milieu of Abstract Expressionism united sculptors such as David Smith as well as photographers like Aaron Siskind, but above all the movement was one of painters.
  • He moved towards subject matter such as the poor and the outcast of society, and emphasized a cool, anguished mood using blue hues as an expressive and symbolic tool in his works .