ethnicity

Examples of ethnicity in the following topics:

• Ethnicity

  • The process that results in the emergence of an ethnicity is known as ethnogenesis.
  • The following categories - "ethnic categories," "ethnic networks," "ethnies" or "ethnic communities," and "situational ethnicity" - were developed in order to distinguish the instances when ethnic classification is the labeling of others and when it is a case of self-identification.
  • A "situational ethnicity" is an ethnic identity that is chosen for the moment based on the social setting or situation.
  • Primordialism holds that ethnicity has existed at all times of human history and that modern ethnic groups have historical roots far into the past.
  • Perennialism holds that ethnicity is ever changing, and that while the concept of ethnicity has existed at all times, ethnic groups are generally short lived before the ethnic boundaries realign in new patterns.

• Ethnic Groups

  • An ethnic group is a group of people who share a common heritage, culture, and/or language; in the U.S., ethnicity often refers to race.
  • Most prominently in the U.S., Latin American descended populations are grouped in a "Hispanic" or "Latino" ethnicity.
  • The many previously designated "Oriental" ethnic groups are now classified as the "Asian" racial group for the census.
  • The terms "Black" and "African American," while different, are both used as ethnic categories in the U.S.
  • Explain why ethnic and racial categories tend to overlap in the U.S.

• Practice 1: Goodness-of-Fit Test

  • The cumulative number of AIDS cases reported for Santa Clara County is broken down by ethnicity as follows: (Source: HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Santa Clara County, Santa Clara County Public Health Department, May 2011)
  • The percentage of each ethnic group in Santa Clara County is as follows:
  • If the ethnicity of AIDS victims followed the ethnicity of the total county population, fill in the expected number of cases per ethnic group.
  • Perform a goodness-of-fit test to determine whether the make-up of AIDS cases follows the ethnicity of the general population of Santa Clara County.
  • Does it appear that the pattern of AIDS cases in Santa Clara County corresponds to the distribution of ethnic groups in this county?

• Race and Ethnicity

  • Some of the social traits often used for ethnic classification include:
  • Unlike race, ethnicity is not usually externally assigned by other individuals.
  • The term ethnicity focuses more upon a group's connection to a perceived shared past and culture.
  • An example of an ethnic group in the U.S. is Hispanic or Latino.

• The Conflict Perspective

  • For Karl Marx, class conflict was most prominent; other theorists saw racial and ethnic conflict as more significant.
  • For Marx, issues related to race and ethnicity are secondary to class struggle.
  • Other early conflict theorists saw racial and ethnic conflict as more central.
  • Sociologist Ludwig Gumplowicz, in Grundriss der Soziologie (Outlines of Sociology, 1884), described how civilization has been shaped by conflict between cultures and ethnic groups, theorizing that large complex human societies evolved from war and conquest.
  • Explain race and ethnicity from the perspective of different conflict theorists

• Culture, Ethnicity, and Race

  • As society becomes more diverse, the speaker will find it useful to learn more about the cultures, races and ethnic groups in each audience.
  • Before considering the role of culture, race and ethnicity in audience analysis it is useful to distinguish among the terms.
  • Some of the social traits often used for ethnic classification include:
  • In order for the speaker to collect objective knowledge about other cultures, racial or ethnic groups it is important to avoid prejudice.
  • When looking at another culture or ethnic group in order to compensate for ethnocentrism as a speaker, try to look at the other group through the eyes of the members of that particular ethnic or cultural group.

• Interest Groups

  • According to U.S. scholar John Dietrich, these interest groups have mobilized to represent a diverse array of business, labor, ethnic, human rights, environmental, and other organizations.
  • Foreign policy interest groups often overlap with so-called "ethnic" interest groups, as they try to influence the foreign policy and, to a lesser extent, the domestic policy of the United States for the benefit of the foreign "ethnic kin" or homeland with whom respective ethnic groups identify.
  • Though ethnic interest groups have existed for many decades, they have become a particularly influential phenomenon since the end of the Cold War.
  • According to political scientist Thomas Ambrosio, this is a result of growing acceptance that ethnic identity groups have the right to mobilize politically for the purpose of influencing U.S. policies at home and abroad.

• Cohesiveness

  • Advocacy groups that form along ideological, ethnic, or foreign policy objectives tend to have higher levels of internal cohesion.
  • Characteristics shared by members of a group may include interests, values, representations, ethnic or social background, and kinship ties.
  • An ethnic interest group, according to the political scientist Thomas Ambrosio, is an advocacy group established along cultural, ethnic, religious, or racial lines by an ethnic group for the purposes of directly or indirectly influencing the foreign policy of their resident country in support of the homeland and/or ethnic kin abroad with which they identify.
  • In general, groups who seek to influence government policy on domestic or foreign issues are referred to as "advocacy groups. " Those interest groups, established by ethnic identity groups, are referred to as ethnic interest groups.
  • The American Israeli Public Affairs Committee is an example of an ethnic interest group.

• Introduction

  • Demographic analysis can relate to whole societies or to smaller groups defined by criteria such as education, religion, or ethnicity.

• Minority Groups

  • Every large society contains ethnic minorities: that is, groups of people whose members identify with each other through a common heritage that often consists of a shared language, culture (often including a religion), or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy.
  • In some places, subordinate ethnic groups may constitute a numerical majority, such as blacks in South Africa under apartheid.
  • In addition to long-established ethnic minority populations in various nation-states, ethnic minorities may consist of more recent migrant, indigenous, or landless nomadic communities residing within, or between, a particular national territory.
  • This tribe is a small branch of ethnic Miao in the western part of Guizhou Province, China.
  • In addition to their small numbers and distinctive ethnicity from the larger Han Chinese majority, they are considered a minority given their relative lack of power in China's larger political structure.