Enigma machines

Examples of Enigma machines in the following topics:

• The Battle of the Atlantic

  • The Enigma machines were a family of portable cipher machines with rotor scramblers.
  • Shortly before the outbreak of World War II, the Polish Cipher Bureau initiated the French and British into its Enigma-breaking techniques and technology but Germans continued to successfully cipher and use Enigma during World War II.
  • British codebreakers, with brilliant mathematician Alan Turing leading the team, needed to know the wiring of the special naval Enigma rotors and the destruction of U-33 by HMS Gleaner in February 1940 provided this information.
  • In 1941, Enigma intercepts enabled the British to plot the positions of U-boat patrol lines and route convoys around them.

• RNA and Protein Synthesis

  • After all, the coded messages produced by the German Enigma machine could be copied easily, but required a considerable decoding effort before they could be read with understanding.

• Simple Machines

  • A simple machine is a device that changes the direction of a force or augments a force; simple machines fall into six categories.
  • Usually, the term "simple machine" is referring to one of the six classical simple machines, defined by Renaissance scientists.
  • When a device with a specific movement, called a mechanism, is joined with others to form a machine, these machines can be broken down into elementary movements.
  • Simple machines which do not experience frictional losses are called ideal machines.
  • Table of simple mechanisms, from Chambers' Cyclopedia, 1728. [1] Simple machines provide a "vocabulary" for understanding more complex machines.

• Vending Machines

  • A vending machine can dispense a wide variety of merchandise when the consumer inserts money into it.
  • A vending machine is a machine which dispenses items such as snacks, beverages, alcohol, cigarettes, lottery tickets, consumer products and even gold and gems to customers automatically, after the customer inserts currency or credit into the machine .
  • The most common form of vending machine, the snack machine, often uses a metal coil which rotates to release an ordered product.
  • The main example of a vending machine giving access to all merchandise after paying for one item is a newspaper vending machine (also called vending box) found mainly in the U.S. and Canada.
  • This is a Best Buy Express vending machine at an airport terminal, stocked with electronics.

• Production lines come in all shapes and sizes

  • As Peter Zelinski, editor of Modern Machine Shop Magazine explains, usually there are two ways to produce a machine part or product.
  • Big, multi-function machines can cost much more when compared to a series of smaller machines that perform the same function.
  • Moreover, an entire production operation can grind to a halt when a large, multi-functional machine tool is shut down for repairs (in addition, maintenance costs for large machines are also higher than those of smaller machines).
  • The cost of the smaller machine?
  • (Zelinski, Peter, ‘Why Boeing is Big on Right-Size Machine Tools')

• Urban Politics

  • During the Gilded Age, politics were characterized by the "political machines."
  • One of the most well known machines was that of Tammany Hall in New York.
  • He explains how the machine worked:
  • Benefits and problems both resulted from the rule of political machines.
  • Machine politics persisted in Chicago after the decline of similar machines in other large American cities.

• Putting together a clean production line

  • Is this machine or item really necessary?
  • Is the full life-cycle cost of the machine being considered rather than its purchase price?
  • Inefficient, energy-hungry machines can consume their initial purchasing cost in energy per week.
  • The second includes how much the machine costs to operate in the long-term.
  • Deficient (or zero) measurement makes it difficult, if not impossible, to determine how much a machine costs.

• Accounting Perspectives on Long-Lived Assets

  • Items that can be capitalized when the firm purchases a machine include the machine itself, transportation, getting the machine in place, fees paid for having the machine installed and tested, the cost of a trial run, and alike.
  • If the firm's own personnel are involved with installing the machine, their wage expenses can be allocated to the machine as well.
  • Examples that are excluded from the asset, and consequently are expense rather than capital costs, include the training of personnel to learn how to use the machine, unexpected damages while installing the machine, or the drinks and snacks to celebrate the machine's successful launch.

• MLA: How to Reference Different Types of Sources

  • Hairball: An Intensive Peek Behind the Surface of an Enigma.

• Noncoding DNA

  • The extensive variation in nuclear genome size among eukaryotic species is known as the C-value enigma or C-value paradox.