Examples of Emergency Relief and Construction Act in the following topics:
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- However, faced with a tide of poverty, Hoover and Congress approved the Federal Home Loan Bank Act to spur new home construction and reduce foreclosures.
- The final Hoover Administration attempt to rescue the economy occurred in 1932 with the passage of the Emergency Relief and Construction Act, which authorized funds for public works programs and the creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC).
- The agency gave $2 billion in aid to state and local governments, and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations and other businesses.
- Harding and Calvin Coolidge) had proposed and enacted numerous tax cuts, which cut the top income tax rate from 73% to 24%.
- Congress was desperate to increase federal revenue, and in one of the largest tax increases in American history, the Revenue Act of 1932 raised income tax on the highest incomes from 25% to 63%.
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- Also in 1932, Hoover signed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act, which authorized considerable funds for public works programs and direct relief programs.
- His New Deal agenda - a series of relief and recovery programs designed to stabilize and energize the economy and directly support unemployed and poverty-stricken Americans - was a large-scale response built around the idea of the central government's intervention.
- The legislation that followed this Proclamation was the Emergency Banking Act, which enabled the government to close weak banks and reopen more stable banks.
- Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA; initiated by Hoover) created government, mostly unskilled jobs.
- The Social Security Act (1935) established financial support for dependent minors, the disabled, and the elderly.
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- These bills included many measures aimed at Roosevelt's primary goal, immediate relief.
- They also included the continuation of Hoover's major relief program for the unemployed under a new name, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
- The National Industrial Recovery Act (1933) gave Roosevelt broad powers to regulate industry and launch public works projects.
- Pursuant to the latter goal, the NIRA created the Public Works Administration (PWA), a public works construction agency.
- Identify some of the relief measures instituted by the Roosevelt Administration
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- Construction was virtually halted in many countries.
- The programs were in response to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
- The Federal Emergency Relief Administration, for instance, provided $500 million for relief operations by states and cities, while the short-lived CWA (Civil Works Administration) gave localities money to operate make-work projects in 1933-34.
- The "Second New Deal" in 1935–38 included the Wagner Act to promote labor unions, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) relief program, the Social Security Act, and new programs to aid tenant farmers and migrant workers.
- By 1942–43 they shut down relief programs such as the WPA and CCC and blocked major liberal proposals.
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- A popular narrative presents the New Deal as a series of programs
that responded to the Great Depression with "3 Rs:" relief,
recovery, and reform.
- Relief was direct, immediate support for unemployed and
poverty-stricken Americans.
- The Emergency Banking Act followed the Proclamation
and enabled the government to close weak banks and reopen more stable banks.
- Federal Emergency Relief
Administration (FERA; initiated by Hoover) created local and state government mostly unskilled jobs.
- The National Labor Relations Act
(1933; known also as the Wagner Act), which established the National Labor
Relations Board (1935).
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- They focused on the "3 Rs": relief, recovery, and reform.
- Relief was offered to the unemployed and poor; recovery was intended to bring the economy to normal levels; and system reform was hoped would prevent a repeat depression.
- The Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA), for instance, provided $500 million for relief operations by states and cities, while the Civil Works Administration (CWA) gave localities money to operate make-work projects.
- Housing Authority and Farm Security Administration, both begun in 1937, and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set maximum hours and minimum wages for most categories of workers.
- The effects of the New Deal remain a source of controversy and debate among economists and historians.
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- Any relief for the poor was the responsibility of state and local governments and private charities.
- In 1933, Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act, giving Roosevelt broader powers to intervene in the economy and establish public works projects.
- The agency funded projects and contracted with private construction firms, which carried them out.
- There were numerous rural welfare projects sponsored by the WPA, NYA, Forest Service, and Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), including school lunch programs, construction of new schools, construction of roads in remote areas, reforestation, and purchase of marginal lands to enlarge national forests.
- The Social Security Act was an attempt to create a safety net against economic dangers such as old age, poverty, and unemployment.
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- Many of the First New Deal programs (1933-34/5), particularly those focused on creating jobs, offered immediate relief rather than long-term reforms.
- While the First New Deal included programs that created employment in the government and through public works projects (e.g.,
the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration) none of it was as large and ambitious as the 1935
Works Progress Administration (WPA).
- Moreover, men were seen as a more "natural" fir for WPA jobs since most of them were conventionally associated with male labor force (most notably, in the construction sector).
- Perhaps the most important and influential program of the New Deal was the 1935 Social Security Act (SSA).
- In 1935, Roosevelt called for a tax program called the Wealth Tax Act (Revenue Act of 1935) to redistribute wealth.
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- Additionally, the state government activated its Emergency Operations Center the next day, and local governments began issuing evacuation orders.
- A June 2007 report released by the American Society of Civil Engineers determined that the failures of the levees and floodwalls in New Orleans were found to be primarily the result of system design and construction flaws, rather than the result of natural forces beyond intended design strength.
- Army Corps of Engineers is federally mandated in the Flood Control Act of 1965 with responsibility for the conception, design, and construction of the region's flood-control system.
- On September 13, 2005, it was reported that corporate donations to the relief effort were $409 million and were expected to exceed $1 billion.
- The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), an agency charged with assisting state and local governments in times of natural disaster, proved inept at coordinating different agencies and utilizing the rescue infrastructure at its disposal.
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- Similarly, the original version (later amended) of the 1935 Social Security Act did not provide old-age pensions for farm and domestic workers.
- Analogously, the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act, which established federal minimum wage and maximum working hours, excluded agricultural and domestic labor.
- Black workers participated in all the major programs that created employment, including
the Federal Emergency Relief Administration,
the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration, and the Works Progress Administration.
- The 1933 National Industrial Recovery Act, the 1935
National Labor Relations Act, and the
1938 Fair Labor Standards Act all excluded agricultural and domestic workers.
- Men were also seen as a more natural fit for WPA jobs since most of them were conventionally associated with male labor force (most notably, in the construction sector).