Elkins Act

(noun)

A 1903 U.S. federal law that amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. This act authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates.

Related Terms

Examples of Elkins Act in the following topics:

  • Expanding Federal Power

    • Accordingly, Roosevelt believed that he could act in any manner that benefitted the needs of the nation, unless specifically and explicitly prohibited by the Constitution.
    • Some of Roosevelt's most noteworthy legislative achievements—such as the Pure Food and Drug Act, the Hepburn Act, the Elkins Act, and his conservation laws—embody this concept of the executive branch as an expansive source of regulatory powers for the "good" of the nation.

  • Roosevelt's Progressivism

    • While president, Roosevelt targeted these trusts, particularly the railroad monopolies, by increasing the regulatory power of the federal government through the Elkins Act (1903) and the Hepburn Act (1906).
    • The Hepburn Act of 1906 gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates and auditing power over the railroads' financial records, a task simplified by standardized booking systems.
    • Through the Hepburn Act, the ICC's authority was extended to cover bridges, terminals, ferries, sleeping cars, express companies, and oil pipelines.

  • The Square Deal

    • An example of this was the Elkins Act, which stated that railroads were no longer allowed to give rebates to favored companies.
    • Roosevelt responded to public anger over the abuses in the food-packing industry by pushing Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act.
    • The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 banned misleading labels and preservatives that contained harmful chemicals.
    • The Pure Food and Drug Act banned impure or falsely labeled food and drugs from being made, sold, and shipped.
    • The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 were both widely accredited to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, which revealed the horrific and unsanitary processes of meat production.

  • The Enclosure Act

  • Higher Education

    • President Johnson's Great Society made improvements to elementary, secondary, and higher education through a series of acts.
    • The Act also began a transition from federally-funded institutional assistance to individual student aid.
    • The Higher Education Act of 1965 was reauthorized in 1968, 1971, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1986, 1992, 1998, and 2008.
    • This signing plaque rests on campus grounds of Texas State University commemorating the Higher Education Act.
    • Distinguish the key features - as well as the effects - of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the Higher Education Facilities Act, and the Higher Education Act.

  • The Coercive Acts

    • Four of the acts were issued in direct response to the Boston Tea Party of December 1773.
    • Many colonists, however, viewed the acts as an arbitrary violation of their rights.
    • The first of the acts passed in response to the Boston Tea Party was the Boston Port Act.
    • The Massachusetts Government Act provoked even more outrage than the Port Act because it unilaterally altered the government of Massachusetts to bring it under control of the British government.
    • Although many colonists found the Quartering Act objectionable, it generated the least amount of protest of the Coercive Acts.

  • "The General Act of the Conference"

  • Securities Exchange Act of 1934

    • The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (also called the Exchange Act, '34 Act, or Act of '34) is a law governing the secondary trading of securities, including stocks, bonds, and debentures, in the United States of America.
    • While the Securities Act is very limited in scope, the Securities Exchange Act (also known as the Exchange Act or 1934 Act) is much broader.
    • The '34 Act also regulates broker-dealers without a status for trading securities.
    • ATS acts as a niche market, a private pool of liquidity.
    • Define how the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulates the US securities markets

  • Enforcing the Navigation Acts

    • These Acts formed the basis for British overseas trade for nearly 200 years.
    • Later revisions of the Act added new regulations.
    • The Acts were in full force for a short time only.
    • On the whole, the Navigation Acts were more or less obeyed by colonists, despite their dissatisfaction, until the Molasses and Sugar Acts.
    • Describe the central stipulations of the Navigation Acts and the Acts' effects on the political and economic situation in the colonies

  • Oxidoreductase Protein Complexes

    • Oxidoreductases can be further classified into 22 subclasses: EC 1.1 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-OH group of donors (alcohol oxidoreductases); EC 1.2 includes oxidoreductases that act on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors; EC 1.3 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-CH group of donors (CH-CH oxidoreductases); EC 1.4 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-NH2 group of donors (Amino acid oxidoreductases, Monoamine oxidase); EC 1.5 includes oxidoreductases that act on CH-NH group of donors; EC 1.6 includes oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH; EC 1.7 includes oxidoreductases that act on other nitrogenous compounds as donors; EC 1.8 includes oxidoreductases that act on a sulfur group of donors; EC 1.9 includes oxidoreductases that act on a heme group of donors; EC 1.10 includes oxidoreductases that act on diphenols and related substances as donors; EC 1.11 includes oxidoreductases that act on peroxide as an acceptor (peroxidases); EC 1.12 includes oxidoreductases that act on hydrogen as donors; EC 1.13 includes oxidoreductases that act on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases); EC 1.14 includes oxidoreductases that act on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen; EC 1.15 includes oxidoreductases that act on superoxide radicals as acceptors; EC 1.16 includes oxidoreductases that oxidize metal ions; EC 1.17 includes oxidoreductases that act on CH or CH2 groups; EC 1.18 includes oxidoreductases that act on iron-sulfur proteins as donors; EC 1.19 includes oxidoreductases that act on reduced flavodoxin as a donor; EC 1.20 includes oxidoreductases that act on phosphorus or arsenic in donors; EC 1.21 includes oxidoreductases that act on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond; and EC 1.97 includes other oxidoreductases.