Examples of duodenum in the following topics:
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- The duodenum initially enhances gastric secretion, but soon inhibits it.
- Stretching of the duodenum accentuates vagal reflexes that stimulate the stomach, and peptides and amino acids in the chyme stimulate G cells of the duodenum to secrete more gastrin, which further stimulates the stomach.
- Soon, however, the acid and semi-digested fats in the duodenum trigger the enterogastric reflex.
- This gives the duodenum time to work on the chyme it has already received before being loaded with more.
- The intestinal phase of digestion occurs in the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine.
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- The upper gastrointestinal tract consists of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
- Upon gross dissection, the duodenum may appear to be a unified organ, but it is often divided into two parts based upon function, arterial supply, or embryology.
- Duodenum: the first section of the small intestine and may be the principal site for iron absorption.
- Duodenum: Here the digestive juices from the pancreas (digestive enzymes) and the gallbladder (bile) mix together.
- Jejunum: This is the midsection of the intestine, connecting the duodenum to the ileum.
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- The jejunum and ileum do not have Brunner's glands in the submucosa, while the ileum has Peyer's patches in the mucosa, but the duodenum and jejunum do not.
- Brunner's glands (or duodenal glands) are compound tubular submucosal glands found in the duodenum .
- The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate) in order to neutralize the acidic content of chyme (which is introduced into the duodenum from the stomach), provide an alkaline condition for optimal intestinal enzyme activity, thus enabling absorption to take place, and lubricate the intestinal walls.
- They are aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are found in the lowest portion of the small intestine, which differentiate the ileum from the duodenum and jejunum.
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- Even when a single pancreas is present, two or three pancreatic ducts may persist, each draining separately into the duodenum (or equivalent part of the foregut).
- The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from gastroduodenal artery and the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from superior mesenteric artery run in the groove between the pancreas and the duodenum and supply the head of pancreas.
- 1: Head of pancreas 2: Uncinate process of pancreas 3: Pancreatic notch 4: Body of pancreas 5: Anterior surface of pancreas 6: Inferior surface of pancreas 7: Superior margin of pancreas 8: Anterior margin of pancreas 9: Inferior margin of pancreas 10: Omental tuber 11: Tail of pancreas 12: Duodenum.
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- Secretin is in the duodenum and signals the secretion of sodium bicarbonate in the pancreas and it stimulates the bile secretion in the liver.
- Cholecystokinin (CCK) is in the duodenum and stimulates the release of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and stimulates the emptying of bile in the gall bladder.
- Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is in the duodenum and decreases the stomach churning in turn slowing the emptying in the stomach.
- Motilin is in the duodenum and increases the migrating myoelectric complex component of gastrointestinal motility and stimulates the production of pepsin.
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- The pancreas is located posterior to the stomach and next to the duodenum.
- Pancreatic secretions accumulate in small ducts that drain to the main pancreatic duct, which drains directly into the duodenum.
- The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the duodenum together.
- It is connected to the liver and the duodenum by biliary tree.
- The gallbladder is connected to the main bile duct through the cystic duct, which in turn connects to the duodenum.
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- The human small intestine, over 6 m long, is divided into three parts: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.
- The "C-shaped," fixed part of the small intestine, the duodenum, is separated from the stomach by the pyloric sphincter which opens to allow chyme to move from the stomach to the duodenum where it mixes with pancreatic juices.
- Digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder, as well as from gland cells of the intestinal wall itself, enter the duodenum.
- It produces bile: a digestive juice that is required for the breakdown of fatty components of the food in the duodenum.
- When chyme containing fatty acids enters the duodenum, the bile is secreted from the gallbladder into the duodenum.
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- Absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place in the jejunum, with the following notable exceptions: iron is absorbed in the duodenum; vitamin B12 and bile salts are absorbed in the terminal ileum; water and lipids are absorbed by passive diffusion throughout the small intestine; sodium bicarbonate is absorbed by active transport and glucose and amino acid co-transport; and fructose is absorbed by facilitated diffusion.
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- The foregutis the esophagus to first two sections of the duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and superior portion of pancreas.
- The midgut is the lower duodenum, to the first two-thirds of the transverse colon lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and first two-thirds of the transverse colon.
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- Secretin - is in the duodenum and signals the secretion of sodium bicarbonate in the pancreas and it stimulates the bile secretion in the liver.
- Cholecystokinin (CCK) - is in the duodenum and stimulates the release of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and stimulates the emptying of bile in the gall bladder.
- Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) - is in the duodenum and decreases the stomach churning in turn slowing the emptying in the stomach.
- Motilin - is in the duodenum and increases the migrating myoelectric complex component of gastrointestinal motility and stimulates the production of pepsin.