double-loop learning

Examples of double-loop learning in the following topics:

• Productivity: Argyris

  • Argyris's theory of single- and double-loop learning has been applied to management theory to suggest the best ways for employees to learn.
  • Argyris believed that human actions are controlled by environmental variables, which determine the key differences between single-loop and double-loop learning.
  • In double-loop learning, the entities question the values, assumptions, and policies that led to the actions in the first place; if they are able to view and modify those values, then second-order or double-loop learning has taken place.
  • Double-loop learning may lead to a change in the original strategy or goals that the company had in the first place.
  • Identify Chris Argyris's key contributions to organizational theory through single-loop and double-loop learning

• CLASSIFICATION OF SOUNDS

  • These are confined almost exclusively to words derived from the Greek, and were equivalent to p + h, t + h, c + h, i.e. to the corresponding voiceless mutes with a following breath, as in Eng. loop-hole, hot-house, block-house.
  • Double Consonants are x and z.
  • The Double Consonants, x and z, being compound sounds, do not admit of classification in the above table.

• CLASSIFICATION OF SOUNDS

  • These are confined almost exclusively to words derived from the Greek, and were equivalent to p + h, t + h, c + h, i.e. to the corresponding voiceless mutes with a following breath, as in Eng. loop-hole, hot-house, block-house.
  • Double Consonants are x and z.
  • The Double Consonants, x and z, being compound sounds, do not admit of classification in the above table.

• Other Steps

  • By encoding memories, people develop the capacity to learn from previous experiences, build relationships with others and adapt to changing environments.
  • This is aided by what is known as the phonological loop of working memory.
  • The phonological loop consists of two parts - short-term storage and articulatory rehearsal.
  • Information a person hears enters the short-term store (lasting 1-2 seconds) and transforms into a code that is replayed by the articulatory rehearsal component (hence the loop) until all the sounds are heard and made sense of.
  • Diagram of the phonological loop process, which consists of two parts: short-term storage and articulacy rehearsal.

• Alkanes

  • Alkanes are relatively unreactive hydrocarbons that contain no double or triple bonds in their carbon skeletons.
  • They contain no double or triple bonds in their carbon skeletons and, therefore, have the maximum number of carbon to hydrogen covalent bonds.
  • This is in contrast to alkenes and alkynes, which contain double and triple bonds and are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons.
  • In cyclic alkanes, the carbon backbone is linked so as to form a loop.
  • Alkanes are generally less reactive than alkenes and alkynes because they lack the more reactive double and triple bonds.

• Generalized Recombination and RecA

  • Double-strand DNA breaks in bacteria are repaired by the RecBCD pathway of homologous recombination .
  • These double-strand breaks can be caused by UV light and other radiation, as well as chemical mutagens.
  • Double-strand breaks may also arise by DNA replication through a single-strand nick or gap.
  • The invading 3' overhang causes one of the strands of the recipient DNA duplex to be displaced, to form a D-loop.
  • Step 1: RecBCD binds to a DNA double strand break.

• Introduction to Resource Extension Part 2

  • Some time after publishing his ‘energy versus manpower' production ratio observation, industry analyst Walter Stahel coined the phrase ‘cradle to cradle'to help explain his concept of a closed-loop or ‘lake economy' (also known as a circular economy').
  • The idea was to provide the company with a reliable source of parts and materials that could be used in remanufacturing ‘closed-loop' processes.
  • Elsewhere, the Collins & Aikman Floorcovering company (now part of the Tandus Group) is widely considered to be the first business in the carpet industry to take the closed-loop plunge by collecting and breaking down old carpets into material for new carpets.
  • This pivotal discovery reduced the company's raw material costs, resulted in a new and inspiring company motto (‘Mining buildings rather than resources') and allowed Collins & Aikman to enjoy double-digit growth in both revenues and profits when the entire carpet industry was growing at about 4% a year.
  • By changing from a carpet-selling business to one that more resembles asset management and reclamation, Interface, which claims to be halfway to achieving its sustainability goals, nearly doubled company employment, doubled its profits and increased its stock price 550% over a five-year period.

• Centripetal Force

  • It can be seen in the orbit of satellites around the earth, the tension in a rope in a game of tether ball, a roller coaster loop de loop, or in a bucket swung around the body.
  • Previously, we learned that any change in a velocity is an acceleration.

• Supercoiling

  • In a "relaxed" double-helical segment of B-DNA, the two strands twist around the helical axis once every 10.4 to 10.5 base pairs of sequence.
  • The twist is the number of helical turns in the DNA and the writhe is the number of times the double helix crosses over on itself (these are the supercoils).
  • A negatively supercoiled DNA molecule will produce either a one-start left-handed helix, the toroid, or a two-start right-handed helix with terminal loops, the plectoneme.
  • For larger molecules, it is common for hybrid structures to form – a loop on a toroid can extend into a plectoneme.
  • If all the loops on a toroid extend, it becomes a branch point in the plectonemic structure.

• Potential Challenges and Solutions

  • As with any instructional strategy, Project-Based Learning presents some challenges.
  • Support of student learning: Teachers may be unprepared to implement activities for Project-Based Learning due to a lack of familiarity with this pedagogy.
  • Assessment: Evaluating academic performance in a Project-Based Learning environment is problematic for instructors.
  • This game serves as the quiz for Constructionism, Learning By Design and Project-Based Learning chapter (http://projects.coe.uga.edu/itm/epltt/constructionism_LBD_PBL.ppt).
  • To play the game, download the ppt file in the link above, double click on the PowerPoint presentation "constructionism_LBD_PBL.ppt" Click view slide show to begin the game.