dominant

Examples of dominant in the following topics:

• Mendel's Law of Dominance

  • Rather than both alleles contributing to a phenotype, the dominant allele will be expressed exclusively.
  • It is sometimes convenient to talk about the trait corresponding to the dominant allele as the dominant trait and the trait corresponding to the hidden allele as the recessive trait.
  • For example, to say that "green peas" dominate "yellow peas" confuses inherited genotypes and expressed phenotypes.
  • Dominance is not inherent.
  • One allele can be dominant to a second allele, recessive to a third allele, and codominant to a fourth.

• Alternatives to Dominance and Recessiveness

  • The variant may be recessive or dominant to the wild-type allele.
  • In cases of multiple alleles, dominance hierarchies can exist.
  • In this case, the wild-type allele is dominant over all the others, chinchilla is incompletely dominant over Himalayan and albino, and Himalayan is dominant over albino.
  • These pink flowers of a heterozygote snapdragon result from incomplete dominance.
  • Discuss incomplete dominance, codominance, and multiple alleles as alternatives to dominance and recessiveness

• Life Cycles of Sexually Reproducing Organisms

  • The main categories of sexual life cycles in eukaryotic organisms are: diploid-dominant, haploid-dominant, and alternation of generations.
  • There are three main categories of life cycles in eukaryotic organisms: diploid-dominant, haploid-dominant, and alternation of generations.
  • Within haploid-dominant life cycles, the multicellular haploid stage is the most obvious life stage.
  • The third life-cycle type, employed by some algae and all plants, is a blend of the haploid-dominant and diploid-dominant extremes.
  • Fungi, such as black bread mold (Rhizopus nigricans), have haploid-dominant life cycles.

• Information Search

  • An example of a marketer dominated personal sources is in-store advice.
  • External research is conducted when a person has no prior knowledge about a product, which then leads them to seek information from personal sources (e.g. word of mouth from friends/family ) and/or public sources (e.g. online forums, consumer reports) or marketer dominated sources (e.g. sales persons, advertising) especially when a person's previous experience is limited or deemed inefficient.
  • Examples of personal sources that are marketer dominated, include sales person advice in a retail store.
  • Personal sources that are not marketer dominated include advice from friends and family.
  • Television advertising and company websites are examples of non-personal sources that are marketer dominated

• Lethal Inheritance Patterns

  • In other instances, the recessive lethal allele might also exhibit a dominant (but not lethal) phenotype in the heterozygote.
  • Individuals with mutations that result in dominant lethal alleles fail to survive even in the heterozygote form.
  • Dominant lethal alleles are very rare because, as you might expect, the allele only lasts one generation and is not transmitted.
  • People who are heterozygous for the dominant Huntington allele (Hh) will inevitably develop the fatal disease.
  • Huntington's disease occurs when an abnormal dominant allele for the Huntington gene is present.

• The Conflict Perspective

  • Conflict theory suggests that men, as the dominant gender, subordinate women in order to maintain power and privilege in society.
  • According to conflict theory, society is defined by a struggle for dominance among social groups that compete for scarce resources.
  • Therefore, men can be seen as the dominant group and women as the subordinate group.
  • While certain gender roles may have been appropriate in a hunter-gatherer society, conflict theorists argue that the only reason these roles persist is because the dominant group naturally works to maintain their power and status.
  • According to conflict theory, social problems are created when dominant groups exploit or oppress subordinate groups.

• The Punnett Square Approach for a Monohybrid Cross

  • The dominant seed color is yellow; therefore, the parental genotypes were YY (homozygous dominant) for the plants with yellow seeds and yy (homozygous recessive) for the plants with green seeds, respectively.
  • If the pattern of inheritance (dominant or recessive) is known, the phenotypic ratios can be inferred as well.
  • In a test cross, the dominant-expressing organism is crossed with an organism that is homozygous recessive for the same characteristic.
  • If the dominant-expressing organism is a homozygote, then all F1 offspring will be heterozygotes expressing the dominant trait.
  • A test cross can be performed to determine whether an organism expressing a dominant trait is a homozygote or a heterozygote.

• Calculating Market Share

  • There are several ways of calculating market dominance.
  • However, market share is not a perfect proxy of market dominance.
  • Although there is no set relationship between dominance and market share, the following are general criteria: A company, brand, product, or service that has a combined market share exceeding 60% most probably has market power and market dominance.
  • A market share of over 35% but less than 60% is an indicator of market strength but not necessarily dominance.
  • Some examples of market dominant products are: Photoshop, iPod, Facebook, Microsoft Office, Intel and Google.

• Solutions to Chapter 5 Exercises

  • The tonic, subdominant, and dominant are minor (i, iv, and v).
  • Notice that the half cadence looks like (and in fact is) a modulation to the dominant.
  • In this very common progression, the dominant seventh of the dominant (which requires an accidental) makes the dominant feel like a very strong resting point, and the piece will continue on in the dominant key for a while, before returning to the tonic key.
  • Also notice the accidental required in the minor key to make the (major) dominant chord.

• Chinese Influences in Vietnamese Art

  • Northern Vietnamese art and architecture was highly influenced by over a century of Chinese domination.
  • Unlike the Champa art of southern and central Vietnam, the art of Northern Vietnam was strongly influenced by Chinese domination (2nd century BCE—10th century CE) and reflected Confucian and Mahayana Buddhist traditions.
  • During the millennium of Chinese domination (111 BCE to 939 CE), artists in the north of Vietnam began to apply newly-learned Chinese techniques to art, specifically ceramics, in conjunction with art created using traditional indigenous methods, including advanced bronze-casting.
  • Chinese-influenced philosophies such as Confucianism, Mahayana Buddhism, and Taoism left lasting impressions on Vietnamese culture and art, which continued to flourish between the 10th and 15th centuries after Chinese dominance had waned.
  • This period of Chinese domination was extremely harsh, and many classical Vietnamese books were burned as an extreme process of sinicization was enforced.