Examples of Data in the following topics:
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- Data consists of nothing but facts, which can be manipulated to make it useful; the analytical process turns the data into information.
- Binary files (readable by a computer but not a human) are sometimes called "data" and are distinguishable from human-readable data, referred to as "text" .
- Once data is in digital format, various procedures can be applied on the data to get useful information.
- Data processing may involve various processes, including:
- Data processing may or may not be distinguishable from data conversion, which involves changing data into another format, and does not involve any data manipulation.
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- Testing hypothesis once you've seen the data may result in inaccurate conclusions.
- The error is particularly prevalent in data mining and machine learning.
- Sometimes, people deliberately test hypotheses once they've seen the data.
- Data snooping (also called data fishing or data dredging) is the inappropriate (sometimes deliberately so) use of data mining to uncover misleading relationships in data.
- Although data-snooping bias can occur in any field that uses data mining, it is of particular concern in finance and medical research, which both heavily use data mining.
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- Data Analysis is an important step in the Marketing Research process where data is organized, reviewed, verified, and interpreted.
- Data mining is a particular data analysis technique that focuses on modeling and knowledge discovery for predictive rather than purely descriptive purposes.
- In statistical applications, some people divide data analysis into descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and confirmatory data analysis (CDA).
- All are varieties of data analysis.
- Summarize the characteristics of data preparation and methodology of data analysis
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- These observations will be referred to as the email50 data set, and they are a random sample from a larger data set that we will see in Section 1.7
- The data in Table 1.3 represent a data matrix, which is a common way to organize data.
- Data matrices are a convenient way to record and store data.
- How might these data be organized in a data matrix?
- These data were collected from the US Census website.
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- In statistical applications, some people divide data analysis into descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and confirmatory data analysis (CDA).
- In an exploratory analysis, no clear hypothesis is stated before analyzing the data, and the data is searched for models that describe the data well.
- Coding is the process of categorizing qualitative data so that the data becomes quantifiable and thus measurable.
- How data is coded depends entirely on what the researcher hopes to discover in the data; the same qualitative data can be coded in many different ways, calling attention to different aspects of the data.
- Coded data is quantifiable.