Examples of cytoplasm in the following topics:
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- Microbial cytoplasm is contained within the cytoplasmic membrane and includes the cytosol, macromolecules, and inclusions.
- The cytoplasm itself is enclosed within the membrane.
- The components of the microbial cytoplasm include macromolecules, smaller molecules, various inorganic ions, and cytoplasmic inclusions.
- The cytosol is a major component of the cytoplasm; it is the liquid portion of the cytoplasm that is not enclosed within a membrane-bound component.
- Note the location of the cytoplasm and its components.
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- Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms that lack a defined nucleus; therefore, their DNA floats freely within the cell cytoplasm.
- The newly-synthesized RNA is then transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm where ribosomes translate the RNA into protein.
- The processes of transcription and translation are physically separated by the nuclear membrane; transcription occurs only within the nucleus, and translation occurs only outside the nucleus within the cytoplasm.
- Prokaryotic transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, and regulation occurs at the transcriptional level.
- Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated during transcription and RNA processing, which take place in the nucleus, and during protein translation, which takes place in the cytoplasm.
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- Their genetic material is naked within the cytoplasm.
- The term "nucleoid" refers to the region of the cytoplasm where chromosomal DNA is located, usually a singular, circular chromosome.
- This rigid structure of peptidoglycan, specific only to prokaryotes, gives the cell shape and surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane.
- They are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane by a carrier molecule called bactoprenol.
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- A desmosome is a type of cell junction that attaches to keratin in the cytoplasm and is a localized structure adjoining two cells.
- A desmosome , also known as macula adherens, is a type of cell junction that attaches to filaments of keratin in the cytoplasm and is characterized by a localized patch that holds two cells tightly together.
- On the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, there are two dense structures called the Outer Dense Plaque (ODP) and the Inner Dense Plaque (IDP).
- The Outer Dense Plaque is where the cytoplasmic domains of the cadherins attach to desmoplakin via plakoglobin and plakophillin.
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- If all the organelles were removed from a cell, the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm would not be the only components left.
- Within the cytoplasm there would still be ions and organic molecules, plus a network of protein fibers that help maintain the shape of the cell, secure some organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and enable unicellular organisms to move independently.
- This enables actin to engage in cellular events requiring motion such as cell division in animal cells and cytoplasmic streaming, which is the circular movement of the cell cytoplasm in plant cells.
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- Vesicles form naturally during the processes of secretion (exocytosis), uptake (phagocytosis) and transport of materials within the cytoplasm.
- These enzymes are active at a much lower pH than that of the cytoplasm.
- Therefore, the pH within lysosomes is more acidic than the pH of the cytoplasm.
- When the central vacuole holds more water, the cell gets larger without having to invest a lot of energy in synthesizing new cytoplasm.
- These vacuoles take water from the cytoplasm and excrete it from the cell to avoid bursting due to osmotic pressure.
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- Water always flows from outside the cell into the cytoplasm; and only then from the cytoplasm into the CV.
- Species that possess a CV always use it, even in very hypertonic (high concentration of solutes) environments, since the cell tends to adjust its cytoplasm to become even more hyperosmotic (hypertonic) than the environment.
- In Paramecium, which, presumably, has the most-complex and highly-evolved CV, the vacuole is surrounded by several canals, which absorb water by osmosis from the cytoplasm.
- When the vacuole is full, it expels the water through a pore in the cytoplasm that can be opened and closed.
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- MreB has long been thought to form a helical filament underneath the cytoplasmic membrane.
- MreB is a cytoskeleton element that assembles into filamentous structures within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- MreB and its homologs have been shown to interact and co-localize with cytoplasmic protein( MurB-G), membrane-imbedded proteins ( MreD, MraY and RodA), as well as other molecules with large periplasmic domain in organism.
- This ability of MreB is because of RodZ, an inner membrane protein containing an 80-residue, N-terminal cytoplasmic region, and a 200-amino acid periplasmic C-terminal tail.
- RodZ co-localizes with MreB helices in a manner that is strictly dependent on its cytoplasmic region.
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- To survive, alkaliphiles maintain a relatively low alkaline level of about 8 pH inside their cells by constantly pumping hydrogen ions in the form of hydronium ions (H3O+) across their cell membranes and into their cytoplasm.
- Most acidophile organisms have evolved extremely efficient mechanisms to pump protons out of the intracellular space in order to keep the cytoplasm at or near neutral pH.
- However, other acidophiles, such as Acetobacter aceti, have an acidified cytoplasm which forces nearly all proteins in the genome to evolve acid stability.
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- The viral genome immediately travels to the nucleus but the VHS protein remains in the cytoplasm.
- This then fuses with the outer nuclear membrane releasing a naked capsid into the cytoplasm.
- The virus acquires its final envelope by budding into cytoplasmic vesicles.