cyst

Examples of cyst in the following topics:

• Ovarian Cysts

  • An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled vacuole within or on an ovary.
  • Ovarian cysts affect women of all ages.
  • Some ovarian cysts cause problems, such as bleeding and pain.
  • About 95% of ovarian cysts are benign .
  • Such cysts may require surgical biopsy.

• Hydatid Disease

  • Hydatid disease, also referred to as cystic echinococcosis, is characterized by the slow growth of large cysts within various organs.
  • Cysts are typically found in the liver and in the thorax or abdominal cavity.
  • However, the growth of these cysts are slow and may go unnoticed for a significant duration of time.
  • The oncospheres undergo further growth and form cysts.
  • Hydatid disease is characterized by the growth of these cysts into the adult stage for the tapeworm.

• Amoebic Dysentery (Amoebiasis)

  • The infective cysts are passed via infected stool.
  • Upon ingestion of contaminated foods or water, the cysts will move into the intestinal area.
  • These cysts are protected from stomach acids and are able to evade destruction.
  • Once in the intestine, the cyst breaks open and releases the amoebas which then burrow into and damage the intestinal walls.
  • The amoebae or trophozoites are able to divide via binary fission and and produce cysts.

• Polycystic Kidney Disease

  • PKD is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts (hence, "polycystic"), typically in both kidneys.
  • The cysts are numerous and are fluid-filled, resulting in massive enlargement of the kidneys.
  • ADPKD is characterized by progressive cyst development and bilaterally enlarged kidneys with multiple cysts.
  • Under the function of gene defect, epithelial cells of renal tubule turn into epithelial cells of cyst wall after phenotype change and begin to have the function of secreting cyst fluid, which leads to continuous cysts enlargement.
  • The major extrarenal complications of ADPKD include cerebral aneurysms, hepatic cysts, pancreatic cysts, cardiac valve disease (especially mitral valve prolapse), colonic diverticula, and aortic root dilatation.

• Toxoplasmosis

  • Latent toxoplasmosis is characterized by the formation of cysts in both the nervous and muscle tissue due to the bradyzoite form of the parasite.
  • The cat will shed large numbers of these cysts over a short period of time.
  • After localizing to these sites, they will develop into tissue cyst bradyzoites.
  • Cats, can become infected after consuming intermediate hosts that are infected with tissue cysts or by ingesting sporulated oocysts .

• Purification of Drinking Water

  • Larger pathogens such as giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium are trapped in these filters, but the cysts they produce are small enough to pass through.
  • Although chlorine is very effective against bacteria, it is not as effective against the cysts formed by protozoans (like giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium).
  • Ozone is widely used in Europe, and is an effective method to kill cysts formed by protozoans.
  • Ultraviolet Light is very effective at inactivating protozoan cysts, and will also kill bacteria and viruses.

• Protozoa

  • ., trophozoites) and dormant cysts.
  • As cysts, protozoa can survive harsh conditions, such as exposure to extreme temperatures or harmful chemicals, or long periods without access to nutrients, water, or oxygen for a period of time.
  • Being a cyst enables parasitic species to survive outside of a host, and allows their transmission from one host to another.
  • The conversion of a trophozoite to cyst form is known as encystation, while the process of transforming back into a trophozoite is known as excystation .

• Giardiasis

  • The cysts and trophozoites, found in the fecal matter, are extremely resistant to harsh environments.
  • It is the cysts that are ingested and passed from exposure to contaminated food, water, or by the fecal-oral route.
  • Once the parasites move towards the colon, the encystation phase occurs and the cysts are infectious when passed in the stool .

• Relative Resistance of Microbes

  • Protozoa cysts are quite hard to eliminate too.
  • As cysts, protozoa can survive harsh conditions, such as exposure to extreme temperatures or harmful chemicals, or long periods without access to nutrients, water, or oxygen for a period of time.
  • Being a cyst enables parasitic species to survive outside of a host, and allows their transmission from one host to another.

• Fibrocystic Disease of the Breasts

  • Years of such fluctuations eventually produce small cysts and/or areas of dense or fibrotic tissue.
  • Multiple small cysts and an increasing level of breast pain commonly develop when a woman hits her 30's.
  • Larger cysts usually do not occur until after the age of 35.