Examples of cracking in the following topics:
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- Alkanes are generally unreactive, but can participate in oxidation, halogenation, and cracking reactions.
- The complex alkanes with high molecular weights that are found in crude oil are frequently broken into smaller, more useful alkanes by thermal cracking; alkenes and hydrogen gas are also produced by using this method.
- Thermal cracking is typically performed at high temperatures, and often in the presence of a catalyst.
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- Large amounts of ethylene are produced from natural gas via thermal cracking.
- The factory of the Shukhov cracking process by the great Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Shukhov (1853-1939) in 1934.
- In petroleum geology and chemistry, thermal cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or heavy hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors.
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- Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause cracking and/or structural failure.
- When rebar corrodes, the rust expands and tends to flake, cracking the concrete and unbonding the rebar from the concrete.
- Cracking of the concrete is normally the result of an inadequate quantity of rebar, or rebar spaced at too great a distance.
- Cracking can allow moisture to penetrate and corrode the reinforcement.
- The concrete then cracks either under excess loading, or due to internal effects such as early thermal shrinkage when it cures.
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- Rhizobia can also enter the root by inserting themselves between cracks between root cells; this method of infection is called crack entry.
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- Cracks open and close in plaster walls as a house warms and cools.
- Glass cooking pans will crack if cooled rapidly or unevenly, because of differential contraction and the stresses it creates.
- If the expansion coefficients are too different, the thermal stresses during the manufacturing process lead to cracks at the coating-metal interface.
- Cracks might occur in the filling.
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- The planet's gravitational pull is stronger on the near side than the far, creating tidal bulges that can crack the icy crust's surface and heat the interior.
- Ridges in Europa's landscape suggest existent water seeping up the ice cracks, refreezing, and then forming higher and higher ridges.
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- They
would then heat the bone until it cracked, and then interpret the shape of the
crack, which was believed to provide an answer to their question.
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- Inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes.
- Inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes.
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- This cracking process is important in the refining of crude petroleum because of the demand for lower boiling gasoline fractions.
- In practice, catalysts are used to lower effective cracking temperatures.
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- It is particularly zealous in cracking down on many over-the-counter futures transactions, usually confining approved trading to the exchanges.