corporate crime

Examples of corporate crime in the following topics:

• White-Collar Crime

  • White-collar crime, is similar to corporate crime, because white-collar employees are more likely to commit fraud, bribery, ponzi schemes, insider trading, embezzlement, cyber crime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery .
  • Corporate crime deals with the company as a whole.
  • The relationship that white-collar crime has with corporate crime is that they are similar because they both are involved within the business world.
  • Their difference is that white-collar crime benefits the individual involved, and corporate crime benefits the company or the corporation.
  • One common misconception about corporate crime is that its effects are mainly financial.

• Organized Crime

  • Organized crime refers to transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals.
  • Organized crime refers to transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit.
  • Organized crime groups operate as smaller units within the overall network, and as such tend towards valuing significant others, familiarity of social and economic environments, or tradition.
  • Bureaucratic and corporate organized crime groups are defined by the general rigidity of their internal structures.
  • Organized crime groups often victimize businesses through the use of extortion or theft and fraud activities like hijacking cargo trucks, robbing goods, committing bankruptcy fraud, insurance fraud, or stock fraud.

• Theories of Deviance

  • Examples of white-collar crimes include:
  • As of 2009, the FBI and the Bureau of Justice Statistics do not provide clear statistics on white-collar crime, like they do with other types of crime.
  • unclear amount of money lost from corporate crime, but totalling in the billions
  • That such crimes are not tracked more clearly suggests that there is less of an emphasis placed on prosecuting white collar crime than there is on prosecuting other types of crime (property and violent crime) in the U.S.
  • It may also be the case that it is difficult to collect such statistics, but that is also likely due to the fact that a system for tracking such crimes has not been put into place because such crimes are not seen as warranting the same amount of attention as exists for other types of crimes.

• Differential Association Theory

  • This does not deny that there may be practical motives for crime.
  • When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes techniques of committing the crime (which are sometimes very complicated, sometimes simple) and the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes.
  • One very unique aspect of this theory is that it works to explain more than just juvenile delinquency and crime committed by lower class individuals.
  • Since crime is understood to be learned behavior, the theory is also applicable to white-collar, corporate, and organized crime.

• Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002

  • The bill was enacted as a reaction to major corporate and accounting scandals affecting Enron, Tyco International and others.
  • It defines the interaction of external auditors and corporate audit committees, and specifies the responsibility of corporate officers for the accuracy and validity of corporate financial reports.
  • This section increases the criminal penalties associated with white-collar crimes and conspiracies.
  • It recommends stronger sentencing guidelines and specifically adds failure to certify corporate financial reports as a criminal offense.
  • Section 1101 recommends a name for this title as "Corporate Fraud Accountability Act of 2002. " It identifies corporate fraud and records tampering as criminal offenses and joins those offenses to specific penalties.

• Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002

  • It enumerates specific limits on the behaviors of corporate officers and describes specific forfeitures of benefits and civil penalties for non-compliance.
  • Title IX increases the criminal penalties associated with white-collar crimes and conspiracies.
  • It recommends stronger sentencing guidelines and specifically adds failure to certify corporate financial reports as a criminal offense.
  • Section 1101 recommends a name for this title as "Corporate Fraud Accountability Act of 2002".
  • It identifies corporate fraud and records tampering as criminal offenses and joins those offenses to specific penalties.

• Formation of the Corporation

  • Historically, corporations were created by a charter granted by government .
  • If a corporation operates outside its home state, it is often required to register with other governments as a foreign corporation, and is almost always subject to the laws of its host state pertaining to employment, crimes, contracts, civil actions, and the like.
  • Corporations generally have a distinct name.
  • Some corporations choose not to have a descriptive element.
  • Usually, there are also corporate bylaws which must be filed with the state.

• Types of Crime

  • Sex crimes are forms of human sexual behavior that are crimes.
  • Some sex crimes are crimes of violence that involve sex.
  • Violent crimes include crimes committed with and without weapons.
  • Sex crimes are forms of human sexual behavior that are crimes.
  • Some sex crimes are crimes of violence that involve sex.

• Violent Crime

  • A violent crime is a crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim.
  • A violent crime is a crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim.
  • Violent crimes include crimes committed with and without weapons.
  • With the exception of rape (which accounts for 6% of all reported violent crimes), males are the primary victims of all forms of violent crime.
  • The comparison of violent crime statistics between countries is usually problematic due to the way different countries classify crime.

• Global Crime

  • Global crime, such as Transnational Organized Crime, refers to any crime that is coordinated across national borders.
  • Global crime can refer to any organized crime that occurs at an international or transnational level.
  • Like national and local organized crime, global crime includes highly centralized enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit.
  • Transnational organized crime (TOC or transnational crime) is organized crime coordinated across national borders, involving groups or networks of individuals working in more than one country to plan and execute illegal business ventures.
  • While the International Criminal Court can prosecute individuals for crimes against humanity, it has no jurisdiction over other global crimes.