civil service reform

Examples of civil service reform in the following topics:

• Civil Service Reform

  • The Stalwarts, a faction of the Republican Party in the late 19th century, opposed civil service reform and favored machine politics.
  • Civil Service Reform in the U.S. was a major national issue in the late 1800's and a major state issue in the early 1900's.
  • Hayes took office determined to reform the system of civil service appointments, which had been based on the spoils system since Andrew Jackson was president.
  • The Pendleton Act served as a response to the massive public support of civil service reform that grew following President Garfield's assassination.
  • Despite his previous support of the patronage system, Arthur, nevertheless, became an ardent supporter of civil service reform as president.

• Corruption and Reform: Hayes to Harrison

  • The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in ended the spoils system at the federal level in 1883.
  • Civil Service Reform in the U.S. was a major national issue in the late 1800s a major state issue in the early 1900s.
  • Garfield by a rejected office-seeker in 1881, the call for civil service reform intensified.
  • The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in ended the spoils system at the federal level in 1883 and created a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to evaluate job candidates on a nonpartisan merit basis.
  • Before the Civil Service Reform Act (Pendleton Act) was passed in 1883, civil service appointments were given based on a patronage system; that is, those who were loyal to an individual or party were rewarded with government jobs.

• Garfield and Arthur

  • Nevertheless, the new civil service reform continued to chip away at the Republican patronage machine after Custom House employees were found to have improperly assessed fines against an importing company in 1874.
  • The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403) of the United States is a federal law established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit.
  • The Pendleton Act served as a response to the massive public support of civil service reform that grew following President Garfield's assassination.
  • Despite his previous support of the patronage system, Arthur, nevertheless, became an ardent supporter of civil service reform as president.
  • Assess the significance of civil service reform under the Garfield and Arthur administrations

• Bureaucratic Reform

  • The five important civil service reforms were the two Tenure of Office Acts of 1820 and 1867, the Pendleton Act of 1883, the Hatch Acts (1939 and 1940), and the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA) of 1978.
  • In 1801, President Thomas Jefferson, alarmed that Federalists dominated the civil service and the army, identified the party affiliation of office holders, and systematically appointed Republicans.
  • The Civil Service Reform Act (the Pendleton Act) is an 1883 federal law that established the United States Civil Service Commission.
  • One result of this reform was more expertise and less politics among members of the civil service.
  • Describe the key moments in the history of bureaucratic reform, including the Tenure of Office Acts, the Pendleton Act, the Hatch Acts, and the Civil Service Reform Acts.

• Termination

  • Bureaucratic reform includes the history of civil service reform and efforts to curb or eliminate excessive bureaucratic red tape.
  • The Pendleton Civil Service Reform of United States is a federal law established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit.
  • Civil service reform is a deliberate action to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, professionalism, representation and democratic character of a bureaucracy, with a view to promoting better delivery of public goods and services, with increased accountability.
  • Important differences between developing countries and developed countries require that civil service and other reforms first rolled out in developed countries be carefully adapted to local conditions in developing countries.
  • The Pendleton Civil Service Reform of United States is a federal law established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit.

• Republican Reform Under Harrison

  • Civil service reform, pension reform, and the "Billion Dollar Congress" characterized the Harrison administration's Republican reforms.
  • His opposition to Civil War pensions and inflated currency also made enemies among veterans and farmers.
  • Civil service reform was a prominent issue following Harrison's election.
  • Although some of U.S. civil service jobs had been classified under the Pendleton Act by previous administrations, Harrison spent much of his first months in office deciding on political appointments.
  • Harrison appointed Theodore Roosevelt and Hugh Smith Thompson, both reformers, to the Civil Service Commission, but otherwise did little to further the reform cause.

• Conclusion: The Successes and Failures of Progressivism

  • Political corruption was a central issue, which reformers hoped to solve through civil service reforms at the national, state and local level, replacing political hacks with professional technocrats.
  • The 1883 Civil Service Reform Act (or Pendleton Act), which placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called "spoils system", permitted the professionalization and rationalization of the federal administration.
  • Henceforth, the spoils system survived much longer in many states, counties and municipalities, such as the Tammany Hall ring, which survived well into the 1930s when New York City reformed its own civil service.
  • Illinois modernized its bureaucracy in 1917 under Frank Lowden, but Chicago held out against civil service reform until the 1970s.
  • Civil Rights and Progressive Reforms were thus mostly exclusionary projects that had little real influence on each other in the early twentieth century.

• Jackson's Appointments and Rivalries

  • By the late 1860s, however, reformers began demanding a civil-service system.
  • Garfield by a rejected office-seeker in 1881, the calls for civil service reform intensified.
  • The separation between political activity and the civil service was made even stronger with the Hatch Act of 1939, which prohibited federal employees from engaging in many political activities.
  • The Tammany Hall ring survived well into the 1930s, until New York City reformed its civil service.
  • Describe the creation of the spoils system and its eventual reform

• Maternalist Reform

  • In 1893 Lathrop was appointed as the first ever female member of the Illinois State Board of Charities, beginning her lifelong work in civil service reform: advocating for the training of professional social workers and standardizing employment procedures.
  • This would lead to opening the labor market for educated women as well as improving social services in Progressive Era cities and towns.
  • Prior to the reform era, children over the age of seven were imprisoned with adults.
  • There have been reforms in the United States that attempted to bring about a more maternalistic government with varying degrees of success.
  • Under the banner of "social housekeeping," professional reformers encouraged wives and mothers to make the world into a safer and cleaner place to live.

• Empress Maria-Theresa

  • At an administrative level, under Haugwitz, she centralized administration, previously left to the nobility and church, along Prussian models with a permanent civil service.
  • However, these financial reforms greatly improved the economy.
  • It was later reintroduced, but the progressive nature of these reforms remains noted.
  • Education reform was met with much hostility.
  • Educational reform also included that of Vienna University by Swieten from 1749, the founding of the Theresianum (1746) as a civil service academy as well as military and foreign service academies.