Examples of Central Powers in the following topics:
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- Most approaches suggest that centrality confers power and influence.
- Which studies used the ideas of structural advantage, centrality, power and influence?
- Less powerful?
- Can you think of a real-world example of an actor who might be powerful but not central?
- Who might be central, but not powerful?
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- Fred is clearly more central, but is he more powerful?
- Bonacich argued that being connected to connected others makes an actor central, but not powerful.
- Similarly, actor B's power and centrality depend on actor A's.
- So, each actor's power and centrality depends on each other actor's power simultaneously.
- Let's examine the centrality and power scores for our information exchange data.
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- Theories explaining the origins and formation of states all revolve around the ability to centralize power in a sustainable way.
- Most agree that the earliest states emerged when agriculture and writing made it possible to centralize power in a durable way.
- Thus, states have evolved from relatively simple but powerful central powers to complex and highly organized institutions.
- In hydraulic civilizations, control over water concentrated power in central despotic states.
- Discuss the formation of states and centralization of authority in modern history
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- Devolution is the statutory granting of powers from central government to government at a regional, local, or state level.
- Devolution is the statutory granting of powers from central government to government at a regional, local, or state level.
- The power to make legislation relevant to the area may also be granted.
- Devolution differs from federalism in that the devolved powers of the subnational authority may be temporary and ultimately reside in central government.
- Describe the relationship between a central government and a subordinate entity in possession of certain "devolved" powers
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- The military and manufacturing firms are examples of centrally managed organizations.
- In political science, centralization refers to the concentration of a government's power, both geographically and politically, into a centralized government.
- In neuroscience, centralization refers to the evolutionary trend of the nervous system to be partitioned into a central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
- Centralized organizations typically require that communications flow through a central person or location.
- In centralized organizations individual leaders play a prominent role and have a great deal of decision-making power.
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- So, a very simple, but often very effective measure of an actor's centrality and power potential is their degree.
- With directed data, however, it can be important to distinguish centrality based on in-degree from centrality based on out-degree.
- Actors who display high out-degree centrality are often said to be influential actors.
- It also appears that this network as a whole may have a group of central actors, rather than a single "star."
- We can see "centrality" as an attribute of individual actors as a consequence of their position; we can also see how "centralized" the graph as a whole is -- how unequal is the distribution of centrality.
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- A major part of Roosevelt's legacy is his conception of the executive branch as a source of regulatory powers for the "good" of the nation.
- In his own words, Roosevelt claimed, "I did not usurp power, but I did greatly broaden the use of executive power."
- As some scholars have considered, Roosevelt's domestic policies, taken together, paved the way for the 1930s New Deal legislation as well as for the modern regulatory state and centralized national authority with expansive political power.
- To that end, by concentrating power in the executive and broadening the scope of federal regulatory power, Roosevelt was arguably attempting to create a modernized, Progressive United States that functioned seamlessly and in the better interests of the nation as a whole, rather than for local political authorities and wealthy interests.
- Describe the means by which Roosevelt broadened the scope of executive power
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- This gives the people who lie "between" me and the Chancellor power with respect to me.
- Having more than one channel makes me less dependent, and, in a sense, more powerful.
- For networks with binary relations, Freeman created some measures of the centrality of individual actors based on their betweenness, as well overall graph centralization.
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- The betweenness centrality measure we examined above characterizes actors as having positional advantage, or power, to the extent that they fall on the shortest (geodesic) pathway between other pairs of actors.
- The idea is that actors who are "between" other actors, and on whom other actors must depend to conduct exchanges, will be able to translate this broker role into power.
- The flow approach to centrality expands the notion of betweenness centrality.
- The algorithm Network>Centrality>Flow Betweenness calculates actor and graph flow betweenness centrality measures.
- By this more complete measure of betweenness centrality, actors #2 and #5 are clearly the most important mediators.
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- National security is the protection of the state through a variety of means that include military might, economic power, and diplomacy.
- These organizations include the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the White House National Security Council.
- National security, a concept which developed mainly in the United States after World War II, is the protection of the state and its citizens through a variety of means, including military might, economic power, diplomacy, and power projection.
- The Central Intelligence Agency is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States.
- the Central Intelligence Agency, responsible for providing national security intelligence assessments