Camp David

Examples of Camp David in the following topics:

• The Camp David Accords

  • The Camp David Accords were part of the Middle East peace process through comprehensive, multi-lateral negotiations.
  • The Camp David Accords were the result of 18 months of intense diplomatic efforts by Egypt, Israel, and the United States that began after Jimmy Carter became President.
  • The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following thirteen days of secret negotiations at Camp David.
  • There were two 1978 Camp David agreements: A Framework for Peace in the Middle East and A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel, the second leading towards the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty signed in March 1979.
  • Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat with U.S. president Jimmy Carter at Camp David in 1978.

• Foreign Policies

  • The Camp David Accords were the result of 18 months of intense diplomatic efforts by Egypt, Israel, and the United States that began after Jimmy Carter became President.
  • The Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following thirteen days of secret negotiations at Camp David in the United States.
  • There were two 1978 Camp David agreements: A Framework for Peace in the Middle East and A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel.
  • The Camp David Accords left Egypt, formerly a leading regional power, ostracized by other Arab countries, who criticized Egypt's concessions to Israel and Egypt's arrogance in speaking unilaterally for Jordan and Palestine.

• The Carter Administration

  • In foreign affairs, Carter initiated the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, and the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II).

• Nixon and the Economy

  • With inflation unresolved by August of 1971 and an election year looming, however, Nixon convened a summit of his economic advisers at Camp David.

• Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP): An Activator Regulator

  • When glucose levels decline in E. coli, catabolite activator protein (CAP) is bound by cAMP to promote transcription of the lac operon.
  • When glucose levels drop, cyclic AMP (cAMP) begins to accumulate in the cell.
  • The cAMP molecule is a signaling molecule that is involved in glucose and energy metabolism in E. coli.
  • When cAMP binds to CAP, the complex binds to the promoter region of the genes that are needed to use the alternate sugar sources .
  • As glucose supplies become limited, cAMP levels increase.

• Plasma Membrane Hormone Receptors

  • One very important second messenger is cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
  • Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP. cAMP, in turn, activates a group of proteins called protein kinases, which transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate molecule in a process called phosphorylation.
  • Each molecule of adenylyl cyclase then triggers the formation of many molecules of cAMP.
  • Hormone binding to receptor activates a G protein, which in turn activates adenylyl cyclase, converting ATP to cAMP. cAMP is a second messenger that mediates a cell-specific response.
  • An enzyme called phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP, terminating the signal.

• Black and White Abolitionism

  • John Brown was the only abolitionist known to have actually planned a violent insurrection, though David Walker promoted the idea.
  • In the early 1850s, the American abolitionist movement split into two camps over the issue of the United States Constitution.
  • Another camp, led by Lysander Spooner, Gerrit Smith, and eventually Douglass, considered the Constitution to be an antislavery document.

• Frontier Revivals

  • In the newly settled frontier regions, the revivals of the Second Great Awakening took the form of camp meetings.
  • The camp meeting was a religious service of several days' length involving multiple preachers.
  • Settlers in thinly populated areas would gather at the camp meeting for fellowship.
  • One of the early camp meetings took place in July 1800 at Gasper River Church in southwestern Kentucky.
  • Camp meetings were multi-day affairs with multiple preachers, often attracting thousands of worshippers.

• Adrenergic Neurons and Receptors

  • Agonist binding thus causes a rise in the intracellular concentration of the second messenger cAMP.
  • Downstream effectors of cAMP include the cAMPdependent protein, kinase (PKA), which mediates some of the intracellular events following hormone binding.
  • One important note is the differential effects of increased cAMP in smooth muscle compared to cardiac muscle.
  • Increased cAMP will promote relaxation in smooth muscle, while promoting increased contractility and pulse rate in cardiac muscle.
  • Adrenaline and noradrenaline are ligands to α1, α2, or β-adrenergic receptors. α1 receptors couple to Gq, resulting in increased intracellular Ca2+ and causing smooth muscle contraction. α2 receptors couple to Gi, causing a decrease in cAMP activity and resulting in smooth muscle contraction. β receptors couple to Gs, increasing intracellular cAMP activity and resulting in heart muscle contraction, smooth muscle relaxation and glycogenolysis.

• Methods of Intracellular Signaling

  • Another second messenger utilized in many different cell types is cyclic AMP (cAMP).
  • The main role of cAMP in cells is to bind to and activate an enzyme called cAMP-dependent kinase (A-kinase).
  • Differences give rise to the variation of the responses to cAMP in different cells.
  • This diagram shows the mechanism for the formation of cyclic AMP (cAMP). cAMP serves as a second messenger to activate or inactivate proteins within the cell.
  • Termination of the signal occurs when an enzyme called phosphodiesterase converts cAMP into AMP.