Benedict Arnold

(noun)

A general during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Army but later defected to the British Army.

Related Terms

Examples of Benedict Arnold in the following topics:

  • Burgoyne's Army and the Battle of Saratoga

    • Benedict Arnold used deception to convince St.
    • Mutual resentment between Patriot Major General Horatio Gates and Brigadier Benedict Arnold finally exploded into open hostility following this battle and Gates stripped Arnold of his command.

  • Fort Ticonderoga

    • The capture of Fort Ticonderoga occurred in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War when a small force of Green Mountain Boys, led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold, overcame a small British garrison at the fort and looted the personal belongings of the garrison.
    • Benedict Arnold had frequently traveled through the area around the fort and was familiar with its condition, manning, and armaments.
    • En route to Boston following news of the events of April 19, Arnold mentioned the fort and its condition to members of Silas Deane's militia.
    • On May 3, Arnold was given a colonel's commission by the Massachusetts Committee and authorized to command a "secret mission" to capture the fort.
    • As dawn approached, Allen and Arnold became fearful of losing the element of surprise, so they decided to attack with the men at hand rather than wait for reinforcements.

  • Quebec, New York, and New Jersey

    • A simultaneous expedition left Cambridge, Massachusetts under Benedict Arnold and traveled with great difficulty through the wilderness of Maine to Quebec City.
    • This arduous trek left Arnold's surviving troops starving and lacking in basic supplies and equipment.
    • In December 1775, Montgomery and Arnold's combined forces were defeated at the Battle of Quebec.
    • Montgomery was killed and Arnold wounded.
    • Arnold then conducted an ineffectual siege on the city, but was driven over the border, back to Fort Ticonderoga.

  • Privatization

    • Democratic U.S. presidential candidate John Kerry criticized U.S. firms that outsource jobs abroad or that incorporate overseas in tax havens to avoid paying their "fair share" of U.S. taxes during his 2004 campaign, calling such firms "Benedict Arnold corporations. "

  • The Western Schism

    • The French crown even tried to coerce Benedict XIII, whom it nominally supported, into resigning.
    • Eventually the cardinals of both factions secured an agreement that Benedict and Pope Gregory XII would meet at Savona.
    • The council, advised by the theologian Jean Gerson, secured the resignations of John XXIII and Gregory XII in 1415, while excommunicating the claimant who refused to step down, Benedict XIII.
    • Nonetheless, the Crown of Aragon did not recognize Martin V and continued to recognize Benedict XIII.
    • Archbishops loyal to Benedict XIII subsequently elected Antipope Benedict XIV (Bernard Garnier), and three followers simultaneously elected Antipope Clement VIII, but the Western Schism was by then practically over.

  • Appraisal Theory of Emotion

    • The appraisal theory of emotion, developed primarily through the work of prominent researchers Magda Arnold and Richard Lazarus, proposes that emotions are extracted from our "appraisals" (i.e., our evaluations, interpretations, and explanations) of events.
    • Magda Arnold (1903–2002) was an American psychologist who coined the term appraisal to refer to the cognitive processes preceding the elicitation of emotion.
    • According to Arnold, an initial appraisal begins the emotional sequence by arousing both the appropriate physiological reactions and the emotional experience itself.
    • Psychologist Richard Lazarus (1991) adapted Arnold's work slightly in the development of his cognitive-mediational theory, which asserts our emotions are determined by our appraisals of stimuli.

  • Oxidation

    • Useful tests for aldehydes, Tollens' test, Benedict's test & Fehling's test, take advantage of this ease of oxidation by using Ag(+) and Cu(2+) as oxidizing agents (oxidants).
    • The Fehling and Benedict tests use cupric cation as the oxidant.

  • The Rise of the Monasteries

    • The Benedictines were founded by Benedict of Nursia, the most influential of western monks and called "the father of western monasticism."
    • By the 9th century, largely under the inspiration of Emperor Charlemagne, Benedict's Rule became the basic guide for Western monasticism.
    • The efficiency of Benedict's cenobitic Rule, in addition to the stability of the monasteries, made them very productive.
    • Saint Benedict, the founder of the Benedictine Monastic Rule, by Herman Nieg, Heiligenkreuz Abbey, Austria.

  • Educational Psychology

    • Arnold Gesell is noted as being the first official school psychologist; he evaluated children and made recommendations for the special education of exceptional children.

  • How Taxes Impact Efficiency: Deadweight Losses

    • Harberger's triangle, generally attributed to Arnold Harberger, refers to the deadweight loss (as measured on a supply and demand graph) associated with government intervention in a perfect market .