Baytown Culture

Examples of Baytown Culture in the following topics:

• Woodland Burial Mounds and Chiefdoms

  • The Woodland Period, which followed the Archaic Period, was marked by the prolific mound-building of indigenous cultures.
  • Some anthropological examples of this period include the Hopewell tradition, the Adena culture of Ohio and nearby states, and the Baytown culture .
  • The Adena culture was a pre-Columbian Native-American culture that existed from 1000 to 200 BCE, in a time known as the early Woodland Period.
  • Lasting traces of Adena culture can be seen in their surviving earthworks.
  • Describe the mound building cultures of the Ohio and Mississippi River Valley and the functions of the mounds

• The Sicilian Campaign

  • After the successful invasion of Sicily, forces of the British Eighth Army, still under Montgomery, landed in the 'toe' of Italy on 3 September 1943 in Operation Baytown, the day the Italian government agreed to an armistice with the Allies.

• Core Culture

  • Core culture is the underlying value that defines organizational identity through observable culture.
  • Core and observable culture are two facets of the same organizational culture, with core culture being inward-facing and intrinsic and observable culture being more external and tangible (outward-facing).
  • Core culture, as the name denotes, is the root of what observable culture will communicate to stakeholders.
  • This is where observable culture begins to transform into core culture.
  • Core culture has the same relationship with observable culture: core culture is created first, and ultimately drives the visible cultural aspects of the organization.

• Material Culture

  • Material culture consists in physical objects that humans make.
  • People's relationship to and perception of objects are socially and culturally dependent.
  • This view of culture, which came to dominate anthropology between World War I and World War II, implied that each culture was bounded and had to be understood as a whole, on its own terms.
  • The result is a belief in cultural relativism, which suggests that there are no 'better' or 'worse' cultures, just different cultures .
  • They constitute an increasingly significant part of our material culture.

• How to Assess Culture

  • Outlining the way culture is assessed, the pros and cons of multiculturalism and how culture is transmitted is central to management.
  • The merging of differing cultures presents a variety of implications, and requires extensive assessment and cross-cultural competencies for both individuals and businesses.
  • Cultural assessment begins with awareness.
  • Perceiving the varying different elements of culture and cultural differentiation, and identifying the way in which these differences impact our interactions allows for a comprehensive approach at integrating different cultures.
  • Cultural transmission, or cultural learning, is the tendency of a society or culture to pass on new information and generate new norms.

• Cultural Psychology

  • Cultural psychology seeks to understand how forces of society and culture influence individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  • Cultural psychology is the study of how psychological and behavioral tendencies are rooted and embedded within culture.
  • The main tenet of cultural psychology is that mind and culture are inseparable and mutually constitutive, meaning that people are shaped by their culture and their culture is also shaped by them.
  • Cultural psychology is often confused with cross-cultural psychology; however, it is distinct in that cross-cultural psychologists generally use culture as a means of testing the universality of psychological processes, rather than determining how local cultural practices shape psychological processes.
  • So while a cross-cultural psychologist might ask whether Jean Piaget's stages of development are universal across a variety of cultures, a cultural psychologist would be interested in how the social practices of a particular set of cultures shape the development of cognitive processes in different ways.

• Cultural Universals

  • A cultural universal is an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all human cultures worldwide.
  • Cultural universals are elements, patterns, traits, or institutions that are common to all human cultures worldwide.
  • There is a tension in cultural anthropology and cultural sociology between the claim that culture is a universal (the fact that all human societies have culture), and that it is also particular (culture takes a tremendous variety of forms around the world).
  • The idea of cultural universals—that specific aspects of culture are common to all human cultures—runs contrary to cultural relativism.
  • Discuss cultural universals in terms of the various elements of culture, such as norms and beliefs

• Culture and Society

  • Culture is what differentiates one group or society from the next; different societies have different cultures.
  • Different societies have different cultures; however it is important not to confuse the idea of culture with society.
  • Material and nonmaterial aspects of culture are linked, and physical objects often symbolize cultural ideas.
  • For instance, the high culture of elites is now contrasted with popular or pop culture.
  • In this sense, high culture no longer refers to the idea of being "cultured," as all people have culture.

• High and Low Culture

  • High culture most commonly refers to the set of cultural products, mainly in the arts, held in the highest esteem by a culture.
  • Gellner's concept of a high culture extended beyond the arts; he used it to distinguish between different cultures (rather than within a culture), contrasting high cultures with simpler, agrarian low cultures.
  • However, this definition of popular culture has the problem that much "high culture" (e.g., television dramatizations of Jane Austen) is also "popular. " "Pop culture" is also defined as the culture that is "left over" when we have decided what high culture is.
  • A postmodernist approach to popular culture might argue that there is no longer a clear distinction between high culture and popular culture.
  • Discuss the roles of both high culture and popular culture within society

• Defining Culture

  • Culture has evolved drastically as a term and a concept since inception.
  • With this evolution and malleability of culture as a modern idea in mind, it is important to explore the various aspects of culture in society today.
  • As culture is such a central component of human identity, the recognition of the role that culture plays in our daily lives is a critical context which we must be consistently aware:
  • As cultures continue to interact and cross paths with one another, understanding one another via culture minimizes cultural friction while maximizing on the potential synergies inherent in diversity.
  • Outline the various perspectives on the definition and aspects of culture.