Examples of Autologous cells in the following topics:
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- Autologous cells are obtained from the same individual to which they will be reimplanted.
- Autologous cells have the fewest problems with rejection and pathogen transmission, however in some cases might not be available.
- For example in genetic disease suitable autologous cells are not available.
- Also very ill or elderly persons, as well as patients suffering from severe burns, may not have sufficient quantities of autologous cells to establish useful cell lines.
- Scaffolds usually serve at least one of the following purposes: allow cell attachment and migration, deliver and retain cells and biochemical factors, enable diffusion of vital cell nutrients and expressed products, or exert certain mechanical and biological influences to modify the behavior of the cell phase
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- There are three accessible sources of autologous adult stem cells in humans: (1) bone marrow, which requires extraction by harvesting (i.e., drilling into bone); (2) adipose tissue (lipid cells), which requires extraction by liposuction; and (3) blood, which requires extraction through apheresis (wherein blood is drawn from the donor, passed through a machine that extracts the stem cells, and returned to the donor).
- Of all the stem cell types, autologous harvesting involves the least risk.
- By definition, autologous cells are obtained from one's own body, just as one may bank his or her own blood for elective surgical procedures.
- Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning have also been proposed as promising candidates for future therapies.
- Stem cells are indicated by (A), progenitor cells by (B), and differentiated cells by (C).
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- Cell-based immunotherapy is another major entity of cancer immunotherapy.
- This involves immune cells such as the natural killer cells (NK cells), lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and dendritic cells (DC).
- Adoptive cell-based immunotherapy involves isolating either allogenic or autologous immune cells, enriching them outside the body, and transfusing them back to the patient.
- The injected immune cells are highly cytotoxic to the cancer cells and so help to fight them.
- Topical immunotherapy utilizes an immune enhancement cream (imiquimod), which is an interferon producer, causing the patient's own killer T cells to destroy warts, actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and superficial spreading melanoma.
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- The source of donor skin can be the recipient (autologous), other humans (isogeneic, or identical twin; or allogeneic), or animals (xenogeneic).
- The dermis left behind at the donor site contains hair follicles and sebaceous glands, both of which contain epidermal cells which gradually proliferate out to form a new layer of epidermis.
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- Occasionally, the surgeon uses either an autologous cartilage graft or a bone graft, or both, in order to strengthen or to alter the nasal contour(s).
- The autologous grafts usually are harvested from the nasal septum, but, if it has insufficient cartilage (as can occur in a revision rhinoplasty), then either a costal cartilage graft (from the rib cage) or an auricular cartilage graft (concha from the ear) is harvested from the patient's body.
- Moreover, when neither type of autologous graft is available, a synthetic graft (nasal implant) is used to augment the nasal bridge.
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- Bone grafts may be autologous (bone harvested from the patient's own body, often from the iliac crest), allograft (cadaveric bone usually obtained from a bone bank), or synthetic (often made of hydroxyapatite or other naturally-occurring and biocompatible substances) with similar mechanical properties to bone.
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- The fat-transfer approach effects the augmentation, and corrects the contour defects of the breast hemisphere with grafts of autologous adipocyte fat tissue.
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- Three basic categories of cells make up the mammalian body: germ cells, somatic cells, and stem cells.
- Pluripotent stem cells undergo further specialization into multipotent progenitor cells that then give rise to functional cells.
- Hematopoietic stem cells (adult stem cells) from the bone marrow that give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- Mesenchymal stem cells (adult stem cells) from the bone marrow that give rise to stromal cells, fat cells, and types of bone cells;
- Epithelial stem cells (progenitor cells) that give rise to the various types of skin cells
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- Dendritic cells are immune cells that function to process antigens and present them to T cells.
- Immature dendritic cells (e.g.
- Mature dendritic cells reside in the T cell zones of the lymph nodes, and in this location they display antigens to T cells.
- Dendritic cells are constantly in communication with other cells in the body.
- This communication can take the form of direct cell-to-cell contact based on the interaction of cell-surface proteins.
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- Cell theory states: living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; cells arise from existing cells.
- The unified cell theory states that: all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells.
- "All cells only arise from pre-existing cells.
- Cells carry genetic material passed to daughter cells during cellular division
- The cell is the basic unit of life and the study of the cell led to the development of the cell theory.