Examples of Assembly of Notables in the following topics:
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- The Estates-General of 1789 was a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm summoned by Louis XVI to propose solutions to France's financial problems but
it ended when the Third Estate formed into a National Assembly, signaling the outbreak of the French Revolution.
- An Assembly of Notables was a group of high-ranking nobles, ecclesiastics, and state functionaries convened by the King of France on extraordinary occasions to consult on matters of state.
- In response to this opposition, the finance minister
Charles
Alexandre de
Calonne suggested that Louis XVI call an Assembly of Notables.
- On June 17, with the failure of efforts to reconcile the three estates, the Communes - or the Commons, as the Third Estate called itself now - declared themselves redefined as the National Assembly, an assembly not of the estates, but of the people.
- The suggestion to summon the Estates General came from the Assembly of Notables installed by the King in February 1787.
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- The Legislative Assembly first met on October 1, 1791 under the Constitution of 1791.
- The rightists within the assembly consisted of about 260 Feuillants
(constitutional monarchists), whose chief leaders, Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette and Antoine Barnave, remained outside the Assembly, because of their ineligibility for re-election.
- When the king formed a new cabinet mostly of Feuillants, this widened the breach between the king on the one hand and the Assembly and the majority of the common people of Paris on the other.
- The royal family became prisoners and a rump session of the Legislative Assembly suspended the monarchy.
- Medal of the First French Legislative Assembly (1791-1792), Augustin Challamel, Histoire-musée de la république Française, depuis l'assemblée des notables, Paris, Delloye, 1842.
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- On June 17, with the failure of efforts to
reconcile the three estates,
the Third Estate declared themselves redefined as the
National Assembly, an assembly not of the estates, but of the people.
- The Assembly renamed itself the National Constituent Assembly on July 9 (it is common to refer to the body even after that as the National Assembly or the Constituent Assembly)
and began to function as a governing body and a constitution-drafter.
- Following the storming of the Bastille on July 14, the National Assembly became the effective government of France.
- On August 26, 1789, the Assembly published the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which comprised a statement of principles rather than a constitution with legal effect.
- In an attempt to address the financial crisis, the Assembly declared, on November 2, 1789, that the property of the Church was "at the disposal of the nation."
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- It succeeded the Legislative Assembly and founded the First Republic after the Insurrection of August 10, 1792.
- The Legislative Assembly decreed the provisional suspension of King Louis XVI and the convocation of a National Convention which was to draw up a constitution.
- The National Convention was therefore the first French assembly elected by universal male suffrage, without distinctions of class.
- The universal male suffrage had thus very little impact and the voters elected largely the same sort of men that the active citizens had chosen in 1791. 75 members had sat in the National Constituent Assembly and 183 in the Legislative Assembly.
- In April 1793, the Convention created the Committee of Public Safety (later headed by Maximilien Robespierre) and was given a monumental task of dealing with radical movements, food shortages, riots and revolts (most notably in the Vendée and Brittany), and recent defeats of its armies.
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- The new government was composed of three parliamentary assemblies: the Council of State
(Conseil d'État),
which drafted bills, the Tribunate which could not vote on the bills but instead debated them, and the Legislative Assembly (Corps législatif), which could not discuss the bills, but whose members voted on them after reviewing the Tribunate's debate record.
- The Conservative Senate (Sénat conservateur) was a governmental body equal to the three aforementioned legislative assemblies.
- Popular suffrage was retained, although mutilated by the lists of notables.
- The term notables was commonly used under the monarchy.
- The people in each district chose a slate of notables by popular vote.
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- The governor had the power of absolute veto and could prorogue (i.e., delay) and dissolve the assembly at any time.
- The colonial assemblies had a variety of titles, such as House of Delegates, House of Burgesses, or Assembly of Freemen.
- Assemblies were made up of representatives elected by the freeholders and planters (landowners) of the province.
- In practice, this was not always achieved, because many of the provincial assemblies sought to expand their powers and limit those of the governor and crown.
- The House of Burgesses was the first assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America.
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- On June 17, 1789, the Third Estate reconstituted themselves as the National Assembly, a body whose purpose was the creation of a French constitution.
- The king initially opposed this development, but was forced to acknowledge the authority of the assembly, which subsequently renamed itself the National Constituent Assembly on July 9.
- Paris, close to insurrection, showed wide support for the Assembly.
- The Assembly recommended the imprisoned guardsmen to the clemency of the king, They returned to prison and received pardon.
- Among the troops under the royal authority, there were foreign mercenary troop, most notably Swiss and German regiments, that were seen as less likely to be sympathetic to the popular cause than ordinary French soldiers.
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- Crystallographic analysis reveals the arrangement of atoms in solids that help build the three-dimensional model of molecules.
- Crystallography is the scientific study of the arrangement of atoms in a solid.
- Indeed, the double-helical structure of DNA was deduced from crystallographic data.
- Electron crystallography has been used to determine some protein structures, most notably membrane proteins and viral capsids.
- Studies of protein crystallography help determine the three dimensional structure of proteins and analyze their function alone or within multimolecular assemblies.
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- Napoleon's new government was composed of three
parliamentary assemblies: the Council of State (Conseil d'État), which drafted
bills, the Tribunate which could not vote on the bills but instead debated
them, and the Legislative Assembly (Corps législatif), which could not discuss
the bills, but whose members voted on them after reviewing the Tribunate's
debate record.
- The Conservative Senate (Sénat conservateur) was a governmental
body equal to the three aforementioned legislative assemblies.
- Popular
suffrage was retained, although mutilated by the lists of the so-called notables.
- The people in each district chose a
slate of notables by popular vote.
- He also reformed the army, most notably the system of conscription created in the 1790s, which enabled every young man, regardless of his economic or social background, to serve in the army.
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- The most common system that is deemed democratic in the modern world is parliamentary democracy in which the voting public takes part in elections and chooses politicians to represent them in a legislative assembly.
- The members of the assembly then make decisions with a majority vote.
- Elements of direct democracy exist on a local level and in exceptions on the national level in many countries, although these systems coexist with representative assemblies.
- The term democracy comes from the Greek word δ (dēmokratía), "rule of the people," which was coined from δ (dēmos), "people," and κ (kratia), "rule," in the middle of the 5th-4th century BCE to denote the political systems then existing in some Greek city-states, notably Athens following a popular uprising in 508 BCE.
- In some definitions of republic, a republic is a form of democracy.