aerobic

Examples of aerobic in the following topics:

• Energy Requirements

  • Cardiac cells contain numerous mitochondria, which enable continuous aerobic respiration and production of ATP for cardiac function.
  • Aerobic metabolism is a necessary component to support the metabolic function of the heart.
  • Coronary circulation branches from the aorta soon after it leaves the heart, and supplies the heart with the nutrients and oxygen needed to sustain aerobic metabolism.
  • Myoglobin transfers oxygen from the blood to the muscle cell and also stores reserve oxygen for aerobic metabolic function in the muscle cell.
  • While aerobic respiration supports the normal activity of the heart, aerobic respiration may also provide additional energy during brief periods of oxygen deprivation.

• Oxygen

  • An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.
  • Several varietis of aerobes exist .
  • Obligate aerobes require oxygen for aerobic cellular respiration.
  • Since normal microbial culturing occurs in atmospheric air, which is an aerobic environment, the culturing of anaerobes poses a problem.
  • Aerobically different bacteria behave differently when grown in liquid culture: 1) Obligate aerobic bacteria gather at the top of the test tube in order to absorb maximal amount of oxygen. 2) Obligate anaerobic bacteria gather at the bottom to avoid oxygen. 3) Facultative bacteria gather mostly at the top, since aerobic respiration is advantageous (ie, energetically favorable); but as lack of oxygen does not hurt them, they can be found all along the test tube. 4) Microaerophiles gather at the upper part of the test tube but not at the top.

• Aerobic Training vs. Strength Training

  • Aerobic activity relies on the availability of oxygen for energy production, whereas anaerobic activity utilizes primarily glycolysis.
  • These slow twitch fibers generate energy for ATP re-synthesis by means of a long-term system of aerobic energy transfer.
  • Aerobic respiration, typical of long-distance running and other forms of exercise involving endurance, uses predominantly Type I fibers, which resist fatigue for long periods of time .
  • A number of studies have examined the health benefits of aerobic and/or strength training in improving health and treating health issues.
  • Running a marathon is emblematic of extended aerobic exercise that employs Type I (slow-twitch) muscles for extended endurance, and prioritizes aerobic metabolic pathways.

• Exercise and Pregnancy

  • In the absence of complications, pregnant women should continue aerobic and strength training exercise for the duration of gestation.
  • Regular aerobic exercise during pregnancy appears to improve (or maintain) physical fitness.
  • Although an upper level of safe exercise intensity has not been established, women who were regular exercisers before pregnancy and who have uncomplicated, healthy pregnancies should be able to engage in high-intensity exercise programs (e.g., jogging and aerobics) for less than 45 minutes with no adverse effects.
  • The Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee of Canada recommended that "all women without contraindications should be encouraged to participate in aerobic and strength-conditioning exercises as part of a healthy lifestyle during their pregnancy".

• The Energy Cycle

  • Photosynthesis absorbs light energy to build carbohydrates in chloroplasts, and aerobic cellular respiration releases energy by using oxygen to metabolize carbohydrates in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
  • Aerobic respiration consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
  • Aerobic respiration consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.

• Effects of Exercise on the Heart

  • Aerobic exercise promotes cardiovascular health, while physical inactivity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
  • Aerobic conditioning is a process whereby one trains the heart and lungs to pump blood more efficiently, allowing more oxygen to get to muscles, organs and the heart itself.
  • Aerobic conditioning and cardiovascular fitness are determining factors in athletic performance in events with a duration greater than two minutes.
  • Training for these events is done predominantly through cardiovascular exercise like running, swimming, aerobics, etc.

• Acetyl CoA and the Citric Acid Cycle

  • The citric acid cycle is a key component of the metabolic pathway by which all aerobic organisms generate energy.
  • The citric acid cycle, shown in —also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) or the Krebs cycle—is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate—derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins—into carbon dioxide.
  • The citric acid cycle is a key component of the metabolic pathway by which all aerobic organisms generate energy.
  • The citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidization of acetate—derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins—into carbon dioxide.

• Aerobic Hydrocarbon Oxidation

  • Note the presence of oxygen, thus defining this as aerobic hydrocarbon oxidation.
  • Discuss the advantages of organisms that can undergo aerobic hydrocarbon oxidation

• Respiration and Proton Motive Force

  • Aerobic reactions require oxygen for ATP generation.
  • During aerobic conditions, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrion to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle.
  • Aerobic metabolism is up to 15 times more efficient than anaerobic metabolism, which yields two molecules ATP per one molecule glucose.
  • Both types of metabolism share the initial pathway of glycolysis, but aerobic metabolism continues with the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

• Exercise and Health

  • Physical exercise can be classified into three primary types based on the overall effect the exercise has on the body: flexibility, aerobic, and anaerobic.
  • Aerobic exercise increases cardiovascular capacity through activities like running, biking, or swimming.
  • Certain exercises may have aerobic, anaerobic, and flexibility benefits.
  • Calesthenics, for example, which includes rhythmic gross motor movements and strengthening exercise that use only body weight as resistance (e.g., jumping jacks, push ups, sit ups, etc.) increase aerobic and muscular conditioning, agility, and coordination.
  • Running is an aerobic exercise that increases cardiovascular function and overall health and wellness.