stainless steel

Examples of stainless steel in the following topics:

• Titanium, Chromium, and Manganese

  • Chromium metal has proven to be highly valuable due to its high corrosion resistance and hardness, particularly when steel is combined with metallic chromium to form stainless steel.
  • Stainless steel is highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration.
  • It is a metal with important industrial uses, particularly in stainless steels.
  • Manganese, like chromium before it, is an important component in stainless steel, preventing the iron from rusting.
  • Chromium, like titanium and vanadium before it, is extremely resistant to corrosion, and is indeed one of the main components of stainless steel.

• Occurrence of Metals

  • Of all the metallic alloys in use today, the alloys of iron (steel, stainless steel, cast iron, tool steel, and alloy steel) make up the largest proportion both by quantity and commercial value.
  • Iron alloyed with various proportions of carbon gives low, mid and high carbon steels; the increased carbon levels reduce ductility and toughness.
  • The addition of silicon produces cast irons, while the addition of chromium, nickel and molybdenum to carbon steels (more than 10%) results in stainless steels.

• Trihalides: Boron-Halogen Compounds

  • Since boron trifluoride is corrosive, the metals suitable for handling boron trifluoride include stainless steel, monel, and hastelloy.
  • In the presence of moisture, boron trifluoride corrodes stainless steel.

• Steelmaking and Refining

  • Steelmaking is the second step in producing steel from iron ore.
  • Secondary steelmaking uses scrap steel as the primary raw material.
  • Gases created during the production of steel can be used as a power source.
  • Oxygen is blown into the scrap, combusting or cutting the steel, which accelerates scrap meltdown.
  • The formation of slag, which floats on the surface of the molten steel, is an important part of steelmaking.

• Alloys

  • Examples of alloys include materials such as brass, pewter, phosphor bronze, amalgam, and steel.
  • Examples of alloys include materials such as brass, pewter, phosphor bronze, amalgam, and steel.
  • For example, steel is stronger than iron, its primary element.

• Iron

  • A certain proportion of carbon (between 0.2% and 2.1%) produces steel, which may be up to 1,000 times harder than pure iron.
  • Further refinement with oxygen reduces the carbon content to the correct proportion to make steel.
  • Steels and low-carbon iron alloys with other metals (alloy steels) are by far the most common metals in industrial use due to their great range of desirable properties and the abundance of iron.

• General Properties of Metals

  • As a result, they retain their shiny appearance and good conductivity for many decades (like aluminium, magnesium, some steels, and titanium).

• Lanthanides and Actinides

  • The hardness of thorium is similar to that of soft steel, so heated pure thorium can be rolled in sheets and pulled into wire.

• Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism

  • A small (~6mm) piece of pyrolytic graphite (a material similar to graphite) levitating over a permanent gold magnet array (5mm cubes on a piece of steel).

• The Halogens (Group 17)

  • Therefore, fluorine must be handled with substances such as Teflon (which is itself an organofluorine compound), extremely dry glass, or metals such as copper or steel that form a protective layer of fluoride on their surface.