hydrolyzable

(adjective)

capable of dissociating in water

Related Terms

Examples of hydrolyzable in the following topics:

  • Salts that Produce Acidic Solutions

    • This is due either to the presence of a metal cation that acts as a Lewis acid (which will be discussed in a later concept), or, quite commonly, due to a hydrolyzable proton in the cation or the anion.
    • We determine whether the hydrolyzable ion is acidic or basic by comparing the Ka and Kb values for the ion; if Ka > Kb, the ion will be acidic, whereas if Kb > Ka, the ion will be basic.

  • Overview of the Acid-Base Properties of Salt

    • As we have discussed, salts can form acidic or basic solutions if their cations and/or anions are hydrolyzable (able to react in water).
    • The ammonium ion contains a hydrolyzable proton, which makes it an acid salt.
    • Because both ions can hydrolyze, will a solution of ammonium bicarbonate be acidic or basic?
    • In summary, when a salt contains two ions that hydrolyze, compare their Ka and Kb values:
    • This video examines the hydrolysis of an acid salt, a basic salt, and a salt in which both ions hydrolyze.

  • Reactions at the α-Carbon

    • The chiral alpha-carbon in equation #2 is racemized in the course of this exchange, and a small amount of nitrile is hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid.
    • Thus, conversion of the acid to its acyl chloride derivative is followed by alpha-bromination or chlorination, and the resulting halogenated acyl chloride is then hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid product.

  • Rearrangements of Cationic or Electron Deficient Nitrogen

    • Reactions with PCl5 probably give an iminochloride, and this in turn is hydrolyzed to the same amide.
    • The product of the rearrangement is a lactam (a cyclic amide), which can be hydrolyzed to an omega-amino acid.
    • The eight-membered oxime picrate hydrolyzes rapidly, producing a nine-membered lactam in high yield.
    • If water had been the solvent, the resulting 1º-enamine would have rearranged to an imine and hydrolyzed to an aldehyde.

  • Glycosides

    • Since acid-catalyzed aldolization is reversible, glycosides may be hydrolyzed back to their alcohol and sugar components by aqueous acid.

  • Preparation of 1º-Amines

    • The resulting 3º-alkyl-substituted urea is then hydrolyzed to give the amine.

  • Reductions & Oxidations of Carboxylic Acids

    • One third of the hydride is lost as hydrogen gas, and the initial product consists of metal salts which must be hydrolyzed to generate the alcohol.

  • Reactions with Organometallic Reagents

    • Grignard reagents add to nitriles, forming a relatively stable imino derivative which can be hydrolyzed to a ketone.

  • Polar Functions and Umpolung

    • The resulting oxy salts are readily hydrolyzed to their stable conjugate acids.
    • The final step, in which an aci-anion is hydrolyzed to a carbonyl group, is called the Nef reaction.

  • Reversible Addition Reactions

    • Indeed, once pure acetals are obtained they may be hydrolyzed back to their starting components by treatment with aqueous acid.
    • Thioacetals are generally more difficult to hydrolyze than are acetals.