unions

Examples of unions in the following topics:

• The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)

  • Congress to regulate, charter, and supervise federal credit unions.
  • The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is the United States independent federal agency that supervises and charters federal credit unions.
  • The chartering of credit unions in all states is due to the signing of the Federal Credit Union Act by President Franklin D.
  • As the insurer and regulator of federally chartered credit unions, the NCUA oversees credit union safety and soundness, much like the FDIC.
  • It is sometimes required to place credit unions in conservatorship.

• Credit Unions

  • Like banks, credit unions accept deposits and make loans.
  • Credit unions are democratically operated by members, allowing account holders an equal say in how the credit union is operated, regardless of how much they have invested in the credit union.
  • Credit unions serve members of modest means.
  • Here's what one can expect from a credit union:
  • See Credit Union and Bank Rate Data.

• Modern Labor Organizations

  • Labor unions have lost power in the United States over the years and, today, union membership varies by sector.
  • Most of the recent gains in union membership have been in the service sector, while the number of unionized employees in the manufacturing sector has declined.
  • Historically, the rapid growth of public employee unions since the 1960s has served to mask an even more dramatic decline in private-sector union membership.
  • Although most industrialized countries have seen a drop in unionization rates, the drop in union density (the unionized proportion of the working population) has been more significant in the United States than elsewhere.
  • Unions no longer carry the "threat effect:" the power of unions to raise wages of non-union shops by virtue of the threat of unions to organize those shops.

• Trends in Labor-Management Relations

  • Labor trends include a declining union movement in the US, public sector unions, women leaders, and international unions.
  • Most unions were opposed to Reagan in the 1980 presidential election.
  • Linked to the ITUC, but autonomous, are the global union federations, which seek to bring unions together along sectoral lines.
  • Then there are scores of inter-regional federations, such as the European Trade Union Confederation, the International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions, and the Organization of African Trade Union Unity.
  • Summarize the recent history of the labor union movement in America

• Landrum-Griffin Act

  • Declare that every union officer must act as a fiduciary in handling the assets and conducting the affairs of the union.
  • Limit the power of unions to put subordinate bodies in trusteeship, a temporary suspension of democratic processes within a union.
  • Provide certain minimum standards before a union may expel or take other disciplinary action against a member of the union.
  • While intended largely to limit union corruption and create a more equitable power structure within the unions, the Act was not without flaws in this regard.
  • On the other hand, it cannot be said that union corruption and abuses of union power have disappeared.

• National Labor Relations Act

  • Charge filed by Local 713, International Brotherhood of Trade Unions.
  • It was found that an employer, a commercial laundry company, violated the Act by: (1) warning the union's shop steward not to provide information about bargaining to employees; (2) warning employees not to provide information to the union; (3) warning employees not to speak about the union during the workday, including break and lunch times; (4) threatening to discharge employees if they participated in union or other protected activities; (5) threatening employees that the shop would be closed and they would be discharged if the employer had to accept the union's contract proposals; (6) threatening to discharge employees if they went on strike; (7) promising employees a wage increase and new benefits if the union no longer represented them; (8) polling employees as to whether they supported the union; (9) interrogating employees about their union membership, activities, and sympathies; (10) deducting union dues from employees' paychecks, but failing to remit those funds to the union; (11) issuing written warnings to, and then discharging, an employee for supporting the union; (12) failing to bargain in good faith with the union; (13) conditioning bargaining upon the commitment of the union to refrain from handbilling the employer's customers or engaging in any strike or picketing activity; (14) unilaterally stopping payments to various union funds; (15) unilaterally granting employees a wage increase; (16) refusing to bargain with the union because the union's shop steward was present; and (17) unilaterally implementing new rules regarding the union's access to unit employees at the facility.
  • More recent failed amendments included attempts in 1978 to permit triple backpay awards and union collective bargaining certification based on signed union authorization cards—a provision similar to a proposed amendment in the Employee Free Choice Act.
  • Under the NLRA, unions can become the representative based on signed union authorization cards only if the employer voluntarily recognizes the union.
  • If the employer refuses to recognize the union, the union can then be certified through a secret-ballot election conducted by the NLRB.

• Organized Labor

  • An early example of a labor union is the Knights of Labor.
  • The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file members) and negotiates labor contracts (collective bargaining) with employers.
  • Union officials can force compulsory union dues from employees, members and nonmembers alike, as a condition for keeping their jobs.
  • Unions have generally won higher wages and better working conditions for their members.
  • Unions seem to do better in regulated, monopolistic environments.

• A Brief History of Organized Labor

  • Unions started emerging in the mid-19th century.
  • The percentage of workers belonging to a union (or "density") in the United States peaked in 1954 at almost 35% and the total number of union members peaked in 1979 at an estimated 21.0 million.
  • Private sector union membership then began a steady decline that continues into the 2010s, but the membership of public sector unions grew steadily (now 37%).
  • The graph shows steadily declining union membership in the last 6 decades.
  • Outline the increases and declines in the labor union movement of the last 150 years

• A Brief Definition

  • Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights identifies the ability to organize trade unions as a fundamental human right.
  • The interests of the employees are commonly presented by representatives of a trade union to which the employees belong.
  • A collective agreement functions as a labor contract between an employer and one or more unions.
  • The so-called monopoly union model (Dunlop, 1944) states that the monopoly union has the power to maximize the wage rate; the firm then chooses the level of employment.
  • Define the monopoly union model, the right-to-manage model, and the efficient bargaining model as theories of collective bargaining

• Strikes

  • Most strikes are undertaken by labor unions during collective bargaining.
  • Occasionally, workers decide to strike without the sanction of a labor union.
  • This is either because the union refuses to endorse the tactic, or because the workers concerned are not unionized.
  • In many countries, wildcat strikes do not enjoy the same legal protections as recognized union strikes, and may result in penalties for the union members who participate.
  • Companies that hire strikebreakers typically play upon these fears when they attempt to convince union members to abandon the strike and cross the union's picket line.