informal

Examples of informal in the following topics:

• Information and Knowledge

  • Knowledge is acquired through the use of and access to information.
  • Retrieving information is an integral part of information gathering and with today's technology it can involve searching for documents, for information within documents, and for metadata about documents.
  • Information management (IM) is the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences.
  • Knowledge is acquired through the use of and access to information.
  • An area of research known as information access aims to automate the processing of large and unwieldy amounts of information and to simplify users' access to it.

• Informed Decisions

  • Effectively transforming data into actionable information is the key to using information technology to improve decision making.
  • Business organizations utilize management information systems (MIS), which combine the use of information technology, people, and data/information to provide tools used in making decisions .
  • Management information systems are distinct from other information systems in that they are designed to be used to analyze and facilitate strategic and operational activities in the organization.
  • Technology enables fast access to vast quantities of information, which can lead to better decision-making.

• Marketing Information Systems

  • A marketing information system is a management information system designed to support marketing decision making.
  • A marketing information system is a management information system designed to support marketing decision making.
  • Jobber (2007) defines it as a "system in which marketing data is formally gathered, stored, analysed and distributed to managers in accordance with their informational needs on a regular basis. " Kotler, et al. (2006) define it more broadly as "people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers. "
  • To manage a business well is to manage its future and this means that management of information, in the form of a company wide"Management Information System" (MIS) of which the MkIS is an integral part, is an indispensable resource to be carefully managed just like any other resource that the organization may have e.g., human resources, productive resources, transport resources and financial resources.

• Usage of Accounting Information

  • The American Accounting Association defines accounting as "the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgements and decisions by users of the information."
  • Economic information is generally displayed in the form of financial statements that show the economic resources that a business currently has; the goal of the business is to determine which information is useful to the outside world.
  • The proprietor or record keeper was usually the only person to see this information.
  • It is used to provide information to employees, managers, and auditors.
  • Explain the history of accounting and how accounting information is useful

• Typical forms of waste

  • Over-production: which is defined as producing more information or product than a customer requires, or making the product or its components earlier than is required, or making it faster than required.
  • Moving items: needlessly shifting, storing, stacking or filing materials and information, or needlessly moving people, materials and/or information from one point to another.
  • Over-processing: the time and effort spent processing information or material that does not add value to the product (e.g. unnecessary paperwork or employees and managers seeking approvals).
  • Defects: the unnecessary repairing, scrapping or reworking of material or information.

• For more information

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• Creating Effective Messages

  • The goal of public relations is to disseminate information about a business.
  • This information can be in advance of upcoming events or product launches, or to quell rumors or stop the spread of incorrect information about a company.
  • This information is often the most critical, so it should be at the top of the press release.
  • This information is generally found at the bottom of the press release.
  • A press release contains all the pertinent information about an event, product, or company.

• Selling to Consumers

  • B2C e-commerce involves customers gathering information and purchasing either physical or information goods over an electronic network.
  • Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, or commerce between companies and consumers, involves customers gathering information; purchasing physical goods (i.e., tangibles such as books or consumer products) or information goods (or goods of electronic material or digitized content, such as software or e-books); and, for information goods, receiving products over an electronic network.
  • Other B2C examples involving information goods are E-Trade and Travelocity.
  • In the case of information goods, B2C e-commerce is even more attractive because it saves firms from factoring in the additional cost of a physical distribution network.
  • Moreover, for countries with a growing and robust Internet population, delivering information goods becomes increasingly feasible.

• Financial Accounting

  • No single word is more relevant to financial accounting than "information."
  • Whether it is gathering monetary information about a specific organization, putting that information into a format designed to enhance communication, or analyzing the information that is conveyed, financial accounting is intertwined with information.
  • In today's world, information is king.
  • While, in theory, there can be many supportable ways of presenting accounting information on such topics as business combinations, subsequent events after the date of an audit, the fair value of financial instruments and the like, FASB will typically specify the ways such information should be reported.
  • You can find more information on FASB on their website at http://www.fasb.org.

• Decentralization

  • Organizations that conduct research and development tend to be more decentralized given the critical role that knowledge and information has in organizational decision making.
  • A decentralized organization typically has fewer tiers in its organizational structure, wider span of control, and a bottom-to-top flow of ideas an information.
  • Decentralized organizations tend to utilize many channels of information flow, allowing for more open communication between group members.
  • One of the major advantages of this type of management structure, assuming the correct controls are in place, is the bottom-to-top flow of information, allowing the decisions made by the senior management to be better informed about what is happening in the lower tier operations.
  • Decentralized organizations tend to utilize many channels of information flow, allowing for more open communication between group members.