scientific method

Examples of scientific method in the following topics:

• The Scientific Method

  • The scientific method can be applied to almost all fields of study as a logical, rational, problem-solving method.
  • The scientific method may seem too rigid and structured.
  • Scientific reasoning is more complex than the scientific method alone suggests.
  • The scientific method consists of a series of well-defined steps.
  • Discuss hypotheses and the components of a scientific experiment as part of the scientific method

• Scientific Method - The Practice of Science

  • Here are the key elements of the scientific method, in the usual order:
  • Beyond these most common parts of the scientific method, most descriptions add two more precepts:
  • Here is how Wikipedia presents the protocol of the Scientific Method:
  • come up with systems of deductive and inductive logic so essential to the scientific method?
  • The scientific method grew along with increasing empirical observation and experimentation.

• Scientific Reasoning

  • Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") can be defined as knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method.
  • The steps of the scientific method will be examined in detail later, but one of the most important aspects of this method is the testing of hypotheses (testable statements) by means of repeatable experiments.
  • Although using the scientific method is inherent to science, it is inadequate in determining what science is.
  • This is because it is relatively easy to apply the scientific method to disciplines such as physics and chemistry, but when it comes to disciplines like archaeology, paleoanthropology, psychology, and geology, the scientific method becomes less applicable as it becomes more difficult to repeat experiments.
  • To do this, they use two methods of logical thinking: inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.

• Introduction to the Study of Biology

  • Biology is the study of life and living things through rigorously-tested and peer-reviewed scientific research methods.
  • Most scientific investigations involve the testing of potential answers to important research questions.
  • Many years of research have produced numerous scientific papers documenting the evidence for a connection between cancer, genetics, and treatment response.
  • Once published, scientific information is available for anyone to read, learn from, or even question/dispute.  
  • Pseudoscience is a belief presented as scientific although it is not a product of scientific investigation.

• Publishing Scientific Work

  • A scientific paper is very different from creative writing.
  • Scientific writing must be brief, concise, and accurate.
  • The scientific paper consists of several specific sections: introduction, materials and methods, results, and discussion.
  • The materials and methods section includes a complete and accurate description of the substances and the techniques used by the researchers to gather data.
  • Although the materials and methods section gives an accurate description of the experiments, it does not discuss them.

• Cell Theory

  • Schleiden and Schwann proposed spontaneous generation as the method for cell origination, but spontaneous generation (also called abiogenesis) was later disproven.
  • "The parts of the theory that did not have to do with the origin of cells, however, held up to scientific scrutiny and are widely agreed upon by the scientific community today.

• Measuring Biodiversity

  • Technology has matured to the point where we can begin cataloging the planet's species in accessible ways; DNA barcoding is one such method.
  • DNA barcoding is one molecular genetic method, which takes advantage of the rapid evolution in a mitochondrial gene present in eukaryotes, to identify species using the sequence of portions of the gene.
  • DNA barcoding is a taxonomic method that uses a short genetic marker in an organism's DNA to identify it as belonging to a particular species.
  • Projects are currently underway to use DNA barcoding to catalog museum specimens, which have already been named and studied, as well as testing the method on less studied groups.
  • The Red List is supported by scientific research.

• Modern Applications of DNA

  • Reproductive cloning is a method used to make a clone or an identical copy of an entire multicellular organism.
  • Cloning became an issue in scientific ethics when a sheep became the first mammal cloned from an adult cell in 1996.
  • GMOs are a source of medicines and genetically modified foods and are also widely used in scientific research, along with the production of other goods.

• Identification of Chromosomes and Karyotypes

  • The isolation and microscopic observation of chromosomes forms the basis of cytogenetics and is the primary method by which clinicians detect chromosomal abnormalities in humans.
  • Using this naming system, locations on chromosomes can be described consistently in the scientific literature.
  • One such powerful cytological technique is karyotyping, a method in which traits characterized by chromosomal abnormalities can be identified from a single cell.

• The Evolution of Reproduction

  • Several competing scientific hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of sexual reproduction.
  • All of these methods of sperm transfer represent the varying ways reproduction has evolved and become specialized to specific organisms.