Examples of redundancy in the following topics:
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- Degeneracy is the redundancy of the genetic code.
- The genetic code has redundancy, but no ambiguity.
- For example, although codons GAA and GAG both specify glutamic acid (redundancy), neither of them specifies any other amino acid (no ambiguity).
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- Genome doubling provides organisms with redundant alleles that can evolve freely with little selection pressure.
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- Duplication creates genetic redundancy and if one copy of a gene experiences a mutation that affects its original function, the second copy can serve as a 'spare part' and continue to function correctly.
- Neither gene can be lost, as both now perform important non-redundant functions, but ultimately neither is able to achieve novel functionality.
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- Although there are some brain functions that are localized more to one hemisphere than the other, the functions of the two hemispheres are largely redundant.