nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Examples of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the following topics:

• Metabolic Pathways

  • These processes are critical to the life of the cell, take place constantly, and demand energy provided by ATP and other high-energy molecules like NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADPH .

• Electrons and Energy

  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is derived from vitamin B3, niacin.
  • Similarly, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD+) is derived from vitamin B2, also called riboflavin.

• The Two Parts of Photosynthesis

  • In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy, in the form of the electron carrier molecule NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and the energy currency molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

• DNA Repair

  • In E. coli, after replication, the nitrogenous base adenine acquires a methyl group; the parental DNA strand will have methyl groups, whereas the newly-synthesized strand lacks them.
  • Transition substitution refers to a purine or pyrimidine being replaced by a base of the same kind; for example, a purine such as adenine may be replaced by the purine guanine.
  • Transversion substitution refers to a purine being replaced by a pyrimidine or vice versa; for example, cytosine, a pyrimidine, is replaced by adenine, a purine.
  • DNA ligases catalyse the crucial step of joining breaks in duplex DNA during DNA repair, replication and recombination, and require either Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor.

• The Promoter and the Transcription Machinery

  • This box is simply a repeat of thymine and adenine dinucleotides (literally, TATA repeats).