mismatch repair

(noun)

a system for recognizing and repairing some forms of DNA damage and erroneous insertion, deletion, or mis-incorporation of bases that can arise during DNA replication and recombination

Related Terms

Examples of mismatch repair in the following topics:

  • DNA Repair

    • Some errors are not corrected during replication, but are instead corrected after replication is completed; this type of repair is known as mismatch repair .
    • How do mismatch repair enzymes recognize which of the two bases is the incorrect one?
    • In mismatch repair, the incorrectly-added base is detected after replication.
    • The mismatch-repair proteins detect this base and remove it from the newly-synthesized strand by nuclease action.
    • Nucleotide excision repairs thymine dimers.

  • Dead Space: V/Q Mismatch

    • Dead space is a broken down or blocked region of the lung that produces a mismatch of air and blood in the lungs (V/Q mismatch).
    • This is referred to as ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch.
    • There are two types of V/Q mismatch that produce dead space.
    • The lung has the capability to compensate for mismatches in ventilation and perfusion.
    • Compare and contrast anatomical and physiological dead space and their role in V/Q mismatch

  • Bone Remodeling and Repair

    • Bone is remodeled through the continual replacement of old bone tissue, as well as repaired when fractured.
    • The repair tissue between the broken bone ends, the fibrocartilaginous callus, is composed of both hyaline and fibrocartilage .

  • Tumor Suppressor Genes

    • Even if a partially-functional p53 does identify the mutations, it may no longer be able to signal the necessary DNA repair enzymes.
    • If damage is detected, p53 triggers repair mechanisms.
    • If repairs are unsuccessful, p53 signals apoptosis.
    • A cell with an abnormal p53 protein cannot repair damaged DNA and cannot signal apoptosis.

  • Climate Change and Biodiversity

    • Many contemporary mismatches to shifts in resource availability and timing have recently been documented.

  • Lysosomes

    • Lysosomes are organelles that digest macromolecules, repair cell membranes, and respond to foreign substances entering the cell.
    • A lysosome has three main functions: the breakdown/digestion of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), cell membrane repairs, and responses against foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses and other antigens.

  • Past and Present Effects of Climate Change

    • This mismatched timing of plants and pollinators could result in injurious ecosystem effects because, for continued survival, insect-pollinated plants must flower when their pollinators are present.

  • The Role of the Cell Cycle

    • Once a being is fully grown, cell reproduction is still necessary to repair or regenerate tissues.
    • All multicellular organisms use cell division for growth and the maintenance and repair of cells and tissues .

  • Regulation of the Cell Cycle at Internal Checkpoints

    • A checkpoint is one of several points in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which the progression of a cell to the next stage in the cycle can be halted until conditions are favorable (e.g. the DNA is repaired).
    • If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted and the cell attempts to either complete DNA replication or repair the damaged DNA.

  • The Role of Blood in the Body

    • Coagulation, which is one part of the body's self-repair mechanism (blood clotting by the platelets after an open wound in order to stop bleeding)