Examples of follicle stimulating hormone in the following topics:
-
- All hormones in the human body can be divided into lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide hormones.
- The primary class of lipid hormones in humans is the steroid hormones.
- Examples of steroid hormones include estradiol, which is an estrogen, or female sex hormone, and testosterone, which is an androgen, or male sex hormone.
- This class also includes small proteins, such as growth hormones produced by the pituitary, and large glycoproteins, such as follicle-stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary .
- The structures of peptide hormones (a) oxytocin, (b) growth hormone, and (c) follicle-stimulating hormone are shown.
-
- These changes are largely influenced by hormonal activity.
- In response, the pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) into the male system for the first time.
- FSH enters the testes, stimulating the Sertoli cells, which help to nourish the sperm cells that the testes produce, to begin facilitating spermatogenesis.
- LH also enters the testes, stimulating the interstitial cells, called Leydig cells, to make and release testosterone into the testes and the blood.
- Testosterone, the hormone responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics that develop in the male during adolescence, stimulates spermatogenesis, or the process of sperm production in the testes.
-
- As with the male, the hypothalamic hormone GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) causes the release of the hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) from the anterior pituitary.
- In females, FSH stimulates the development of egg cells, called ova, which develop in structures called follicles.
- Follicle cells produce the hormone inhibin, which inhibits FSH production.
- LH also plays a role in the development of ova, as well as in the induction of ovulation and stimulation of estradiol and progesterone production by the ovaries.
- There are still eggs and potential follicles on the ovaries, but without the stimulation of FSH and LH, they will not produce a viable egg to be released.
-
- The anterior pituitary produces seven hormones: growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), melanin-stimulating hormone (MSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH).
- Anterior pituitary hormones are sometimes referred to as tropic hormones because they control the functioning of other organs.
- While these hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary, their production is controlled by regulatory hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
- These regulatory hormones can be releasing hormones or inhibiting hormones, causing more or less of the anterior pituitary hormones to be secreted.
- Negative feedback then regulates how much of these regulatory hormones are released and how much anterior pituitary hormone is secreted.
-
- During puberty, in both males and females, the hypothalamus produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the production and release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland.
- It is also called interstitial-cell-stimulating hormone.
- In females, FSH stimulates development of egg cells (or ova) in structures called follicles.
- Follicle cells produce the hormone inhibin, which inhibits FSH production in the female reproductive system.
- GnRH secreted by the hypothalamus stimulates the release of FSH, which stimulates the growth of egg cells, and LH, which signals for the the ovulation of an egg from its follicle.
-
- The thyroid gland is made up of many spherical thyroid follicles which are lined with a simple cuboidal epithelium.
- These follicles contain a viscous fluid, called colloid, which stores the glycoprotein thyroglobulin.
- The follicles produce hormones that can be stored in the colloid or released into the surrounding capillary network for transport to the rest of the body via the circulatory system.
- Follicle cells are stimulated to release stored T3 and T4 by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced by the anterior pituitary.
- It acts in the bones to inhibit osteoclast activity and in the kidneys to stimulate excretion of calcium.
-
- A number of endocrine glands release hormones when stimulated by hormones released by other endocrine glands.
- For example, the hypothalamus produces hormones that stimulate the anterior portion of the pituitary gland.
- The anterior pituitary releases the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which then stimulates the thyroid gland to produce the hormones T3 and T4 .
- In some cases, the nervous system directly stimulates endocrine glands to release hormones, which is referred to as neural stimuli.
- The hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary gland, via hormones, to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
-
- All multicellular organisms produce hormones; plant hormones are also called phytohormones.
- Hormones mediate changes in target cells by binding to specific hormone receptors.
- For example, thyroid hormones act on many different tissue types, stimulating metabolic activity throughout the body.
- Cells respond to a hormone when they express a specific receptor for that hormone.
- Depending on the location of the protein receptor on the target cell and the chemical structure of the hormone, hormones can mediate changes directly by binding to intracellular hormone receptors and modulating gene transcription, or indirectly by binding to cell surface receptors and stimulating signaling pathways.
-
- Body growth is controlled by growth hormone (GH), produced by the anterior pituitary, and IGF-1, whose production is stimulated by GH.
- Height appears to be stimulated by at least two mechanisms: Because polypeptide hormones are not fat-soluble, they cannot penetrate cell membranes.
- GH also stimulates, through another pathway, the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a hormone homologous to proinsulin.
- IGF-1 has growth-stimulating effects on a wide variety of tissues.
- GH release is stimulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and is inhibited by growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH), also called somatostatin.
-
- Gastrin stimulates the release of stomach acid, or hydrochloric acid (HCl), which aids in the digestion of the majority of proteins.
- In order to neutralize the acidic chyme, a hormone called secretin stimulates the pancreas to produce alkaline bicarbonate solution and deliver it to the duodenum.
- Secretin acts in tandem with another hormone called cholecystokinin (CCK).
- Not only does CCK stimulate the pancreas to produce the requisite pancreatic juices, it also stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the duodenum .
- Scientists are exploring the role of each hormone in the digestive process and developing ways to target these hormones.