Examples of dissociation in the following topics:
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- When ionic compounds are added to water, individual ions interact with the polar regions of the water molecules during the dissociation process, disrupting their ionic bonds.
- Dissociation occurs when atoms or groups of atoms break off from molecules and form ions.
- Consider table salt (NaCl, or sodium chloride): when NaCl crystals are added to water, the molecules of NaCl dissociate into Na+ and Cl– ions, and spheres of hydration form around the ions.
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- Acids dissociate into H+ and lower pH, while bases dissociate into OH- and raise pH; buffers can absorb these excess ions to maintain pH.
- Hydrogen ions are spontaneously generated in pure water by the dissociation (ionization) of a small percentage of water molecules into equal numbers of hydrogen (H+) ions and hydroxide (OH-) ions.
- The concentration of hydrogen ions dissociating from pure water is 1 × 10-7 moles H+ ions per liter of water.
- An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution, usually by dissociating one of its hydrogen atoms.
- For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is highly acidic and completely dissociates into hydrogen and chloride ions, whereas the acids in tomato juice or vinegar do not completely dissociate and are considered weak acids; conversely, strong bases readily donate OH– and/or react with hydrogen ions.
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- Salt and other compounds that dissociate into their component ions are called electrolytes.
- In water, sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociates into the sodium ion (Na+) and the chloride ion (Cl–).
- Because electrolytes dissociate into ions, adding relatively more solute molecules to a solution, they exert a greater osmotic pressure per unit mass than non-electrolytes such as glucose.
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- The resulting graph, an oxygen dissociation curve, is sigmoidal, or S-shaped .
- The oxygen dissociates from the Hb molecule, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the right.
- The oxygen dissociation curve demonstrates that as the partial pressure of oxygen increases, more oxygen binds hemoglobin.
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- Therefore, when it reaches the lungs, the carbon dioxide can freely dissociate from the hemoglobin and be expelled from the body.
- Carbonic acid is an unstable, intermediate molecule that immediately dissociates into bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) and hydrogen (H+) ions.
- The H+ ion dissociates from the hemoglobin and binds to the bicarbonate ion.
- While carbon dioxide can readily associate and dissociate from hemoglobin, other molecules, such as carbon monoxide (CO), cannot.
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- The dissociation of σ allows the core RNA polymerase enzyme to proceed along the DNA template, synthesizing mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction at a rate of approximately 40 nucleotides per second.
- Once a gene is transcribed, the prokaryotic polymerase needs to be instructed to dissociate from the DNA template and liberate the newly-made mRNA.
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- An electrolyte is a solute that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.
- A non-electrolyte, in contrast, does not dissociate into ions during water dissolution.
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- The remaining eIFs dissociate from the ribosome and translation is ready to begins.
- The intact ribosome has three compartments: the A site binds incoming aminoacyl tRNAs; the P site binds tRNAs carrying the growing polypeptide chain; the E site releases dissociated tRNAs so that they can be recharged with amino acids.
- The small and large ribosomal subunits dissociate from the mRNA and from each other; they are recruited almost immediately into another translation initiation complex.
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- CA dissociates to bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.
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- Upon hormone binding, the receptor dissociates from the heat shock protein and translocates to the nucleus.