derived

Examples of derived in the following topics:

• Lipid-Derived, Amino Acid-Derived, and Peptide Hormones

  • All hormones in the human body can be divided into lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide hormones.
  • One of the key, distinguishing features of lipid-derived hormones is that they can diffuse across plasma membranes whereas the amino acid-derived and peptide hormones cannot.
  • Most lipid hormones are derived from cholesterol, so they are structurally similar to it .
  • The amino acid-derived hormones are relatively small molecules derived from the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan .
  • If a hormone is amino acid-derived, its chemical name will end in "-ine".

• Angsiosperm Fruit

  • Eggplants, zucchini, string beans, and bell peppers are all technically fruit because they contain seeds and are derived from the thick ovary tissue.
  • Another distinction is that not all fruits are derived from the ovary.
  • For instance, strawberries are derived from the receptacle, while apples are derived from the pericarp, or hypanthium.
  • Some fruits are derived from separate ovaries in a single flower, such as the raspberry.

• The Evolution of Plastids

  • Plastids may derive from cyanobacteria engulfed via endosymbiosis by early eukaryotes, giving cells the ability to conduct photosynthesis.
  • The outer membrane surrounding the plastid is thought have derived from the vacuole in the host, while the inner membrane is thought to have derived from the plasma membrane of the endosymbiont.
  • In addition, like mitochondria, plastids derive from the binary fission of other plastids.
  • Not all plastids in eukaryotes derive directly from primary endosymbiosis.
  • Molecular and morphological evidence suggest that the chlorarachniophyte protists are derived from a secondary endosymbiotic event.

• The Importance of Seed Plants in Human Life

  • Staple crops are not the only food derived from seed plants.
  • Fermentation of plant-derived sugars and starches is used to produce alcoholic beverages in all societies.
  • In some cases, the beverages are derived from the fermentation of sugars from fruit, as with wines, and, in other cases, from the fermentation of carbohydrates derived from seeds, as with beers.
  • Most paper is derived from the pulp of coniferous trees.
  • Pharmacognosy is the branch of pharmacology that focuses on medicines derived from natural sources.

• Human Health and Biodiversity

  • Maintaining biodiversity ultimately helps maintain of human health; many medicines are derived from plants and, recently, animal toxins.
  • Examples of significant medicines derived from plant compounds include aspirin, codeine, digoxin, atropine, and vincristine .
  • Many medicines were once derived from plant extracts, but are now synthesized.
  • Antibiotics, which are responsible for extraordinary improvements in health and lifespans in developed countries, are compounds largely derived from fungi and bacteria.

• Waxes

  • Animal wax esters are typically derived from a variety of carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols.
  • Plant waxes are derived from mixtures of long-chain hydrocarbons containing functional groups such as alkanes, fatty acids, alcohols, diols, ketones, and aldehydes.
  • Paraffin wax is a type of synthetic wax derived from petroleum and refined by vacuum distillation.

• Electrons and Energy

  • The principal electron carriers we will consider are derived from the vitamin B group, which are derivatives of nucleotides.
  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is derived from vitamin B3, niacin.
  • Similarly, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD+) is derived from vitamin B2, also called riboflavin.

• Plasma Membrane Hormone Receptors

  • Amino acid-derived hormones and polypeptide hormones are not lipid-derived (lipid-soluble or fat-soluble); therefore, they cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane of cells.
  • The amino acid-derived hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to beta-adrenergic receptors on the plasma membrane of cells.

• Herbivores, Omnivores, and Carnivores

  • Omnivores are animals that eat both plant- and animal-derived food.
  • The word carnivore is derived from Latin and means "meat eater."

• Early Biotechnology: Cheese, Bread, Wine, Beer, and Yogurt

  • According to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, biotechnology is "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. " The concept of "specific use" involves some sort of commercial application.
  • Some of the products derived from the use of prokaryotes in early biotechnology include (a) cheese, (b) wine, (c) beer and bread, and (d) yogurt.